Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg, Germany.
Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Memmingen, Germany.
Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 29;11:568685. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568685. eCollection 2020.
Newborns are highly susceptible to infections and mainly rely on innate immune functions. Reduced reactivity, delayed activation and subsequent failure to resolve inflammation however makes the neonatal immune system a very volatile line of defense. Perinatal microbiota, nutrition and different extra-uterine factors are critical elements that define long-term outcomes and shape the immune system during the neonatal period. Neutrophils are first responders and represent a vital component of the immune system in newborns. They have long been regarded as merely executive immune cells, however this notion is beginning to shift. Neutrophils are shaped by their surrounding and adaptive elements have been described. The role of "innate immune memory" and the main triangle connection microbiome-neutrophil-adaptation will be discussed in this review.
新生儿极易受到感染，主要依赖于先天免疫功能。然而，反应能力降低、激活延迟以及随后的炎症反应失控，使得新生儿的免疫系统成为一个非常不稳定的防御系统。围产期微生物群、营养和不同的宫外因素是决定长期结果的关键因素，并在新生儿期塑造免疫系统。中性粒细胞是最初的反应者，是新生儿免疫系统的重要组成部分。长期以来，它们被认为仅仅是执行免疫细胞，但这种观念正在开始转变。中性粒细胞受到周围环境的影响，适应性元素已经被描述。本综述将讨论“先天免疫记忆”的作用以及微生物组-中性粒细胞-适应的主要三角连接。
