Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2024 Jun;13(2):251-263. doi: 10.1007/s13668-024-00527-x. Epub 2024 Mar 12.
Modulation of the host microbiota through probiotics has been shown to have beneficial effects on health in the growing body of research. Exercise increases the amount and diversity of beneficial microorganisms in the host microbiome. Although low- and moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to reduce physiological stress and improve immune function, high-intensity prolonged exercise can suppress immune function and reduce microbial diversity due to intestinal hypoperfusion. The effect of probiotic supplementation on sports performance is still being studied; however, questions remain regarding the mechanisms of action, strain used, and dose. In this review, the aim was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplements on exercise performance through modulation of gut microbiota and alleviation of GI symptoms, promotion of the immune system, bioavailability of nutrients, and aerobic metabolism.
Probiotic supplementation may improve sports performance by reducing the adverse effects of prolonged high-intensity exercise. Although probiotics have been reported to have positive effects on sports performance, information about the microbiome and nutrition of athletes has not been considered in most current studies. This may have limited the evaluation of the effects of probiotic supplementation on sports performance.
越来越多的研究表明，通过益生菌来调节宿主微生物群可以对健康产生有益影响。运动增加了宿主微生物组中有益微生物的数量和多样性。虽然低强度和中等强度的运动已被证明可以减轻生理压力和改善免疫功能，但由于肠道低灌注，高强度的长时间运动可能会抑制免疫功能并减少微生物多样性。益生菌补充剂对运动表现的影响仍在研究中；然而，关于作用机制、使用的菌株和剂量仍存在疑问。在这篇综述中，我们的目的是通过调节肠道微生物群和缓解胃肠道症状、促进免疫系统、提高营养素的生物利用度和有氧代谢来研究益生菌补充剂对运动表现的影响。
益生菌补充剂可能通过减少长时间高强度运动的不利影响来提高运动表现。虽然益生菌已被报道对运动表现有积极影响，但大多数当前的研究都没有考虑运动员的微生物组和营养信息。这可能限制了对益生菌补充剂对运动表现的影响的评估。
