Kutralam-Muniasamy Gurusamy, Pérez-Guevara Fermín, Roy Priyadarsi D, Elizalde-Martínez I, Shruti V C
Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2021;14(4):553-562. doi: 10.1007/s11869-020-00960-1. Epub 2020 Oct 28.
Mexico City is the second most populated city in Latin America, and it went through two partial lockdowns between April 1 and May 31, 2020, for reducing the COVID-19 propagation. The present study assessed air quality and its association with human mortality rates during the lockdown by estimating changes observed in air pollutants (CO, NO, O, SO, PM and PM) between the lockdown (April 1-May 31) and prelockdown (January 1-March 31) periods, as well as by comparing the air quality data of lockdown period with the same interval of previous 5 years (2015-2019). Concentrations of NO (- 29%), SO (- 55%) and PM (- 11%) declined and the contents of CO (+ 1.1%), PM (+ 19%) and O (+ 63%) increased during the lockdown compared to the prelockdown period. This study also estimated that NO, SO, CO, PM and PM reduced by 19-36%, and O enhanced by 14% compared to the average of 2015-2019. Reduction in traffic as well as less emission from vehicle exhausts led to remarkable decline in NO, SO and PM. The significant positive associations of PM, CO and O with the numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, however, underscored the necessity to enforce air pollution regulations to protect human health in one of the important cities of the northern hemisphere. Graphical abstract.
墨西哥城是拉丁美洲人口第二多的城市，在2020年4月1日至5月31日期间经历了两次部分封锁，以减少新冠病毒的传播。本研究通过估计封锁期间（4月1日至5月31日）与封锁前期间（1月1日至3月31日）空气污染物（一氧化碳、一氧化氮、臭氧、二氧化硫、细颗粒物和粗颗粒物）的变化，并将封锁期间的空气质量数据与前5年（2015 - 2019年）相同时间段进行比较，评估了封锁期间的空气质量及其与人类死亡率的关联。与封锁前相比，封锁期间一氧化氮（-29%）、二氧化硫（-55%）和细颗粒物（-11%）的浓度下降，而一氧化碳（+1.1%）、粗颗粒物（+19%）和臭氧（+63%）的含量增加。该研究还估计，与2015 - 2019年的平均值相比，一氧化氮、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、细颗粒物和粗颗粒物减少了19 - 36%，而臭氧增加了14%。交通流量的减少以及车辆尾气排放的减少导致一氧化氮、二氧化硫和细颗粒物显著下降。然而，细颗粒物、一氧化碳和臭氧与新冠病毒感染及死亡人数之间的显著正相关关系，凸显了在北半球重要城市之一实施空气污染法规以保护人类健康的必要性。图形摘要。
