Bruckstein A H
Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Medical Center of Richmond, Staten Island, NY 10310.
Postgrad Med. 1987 Oct;82(5):277-8, 281-3, 286. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1987.11700015.
Major factors in the development of ascites in the setting of chronic liver disease include portal hypertension and a reduction in plasma oncotic pressure (hypoalbuminemia). Diagnostic paracentesis is indicated on initial presentation of the patient with ascites, when the amount of fluid increases notably, or when the patient's condition suddenly deteriorates. In the management of ascites, attempts should be made to improve the underlying liver disease, and sodium and fluid intake should be restricted. The peritoneovenous shunt is occasionally used to treat intractable ascites.
慢性肝病患者发生腹水的主要因素包括门静脉高压和血浆胶体渗透压降低（低白蛋白血症）。对于初次出现腹水的患者、腹水量显著增加时或患者病情突然恶化时，均需进行诊断性腹腔穿刺术。在腹水的治疗中，应努力改善潜在的肝脏疾病，并限制钠和液体的摄入。腹腔静脉分流术偶尔用于治疗顽固性腹水。
