Wernly Bernhard, Wernly Sarah, Magnano Anthony, Paul Elizabeth
Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Oberndorf, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Oberndorf, Austria.
Z Gesundh Wiss. 2022;30(5):1285-1291. doi: 10.1007/s10389-020-01405-w. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
Europe is a destination for many migrants, a group whose proportion of the overall population will increase over the next decades. The cardiovascular (CV) risk distribution and outcomes, as well as health literacy, are likely to differ from the host population. Challenges related to migrant health status, cardiovascular risk distribution and health literacy are compounded by the ongoing (COVID-2019) crisis.
We performed a narrative review of available evidence on migrant CV and health literacy in Europe.
Health literacy is lower in migrants but can be improved through targeted interventions. In some subgroups of migrants, rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, most importantly hypertension and diabetes, are higher. On the other hand, there is strong evidence for a so-called healthy migrant effect, describing lower rates of CV risk distribution and mortality in a different subset of migrants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CV risk factors, as well as health literacy, are key elements in optimally managing public health responses in the ongoing pandemic.
Migrants are both an opportunity and a challenge for public health in Europe. Research aimed at better understanding the healthy migrant effect is necessary. Implementing the beneficial behaviors of migrants could improve outcomes in the whole population. Specific interventions to screen for risk factors, manage chronic disease and increase health literacy could improve health care for migrants. This pandemic is a challenge for the whole population, but active inclusion of immigrants in established health care systems could help improve the long-term health outcomes of migrants in Europe.
欧洲是许多移民的目的地，在未来几十年里，这一群体在总人口中的比例将会增加。心血管（CV）风险分布和结果，以及健康素养，可能与东道国人口有所不同。与移民健康状况、心血管风险分布和健康素养相关的挑战因持续的（2019年冠状病毒病）危机而更加复杂。
我们对欧洲移民心血管疾病和健康素养的现有证据进行了叙述性综述。
移民的健康素养较低，但可以通过有针对性的干预措施得到改善。在一些移民亚组中，心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的发生率较高，其中最重要的是高血压和糖尿病。另一方面，有充分证据表明存在所谓的“健康移民效应”，即在另一部分移民中，心血管风险分布和死亡率较低。在2019年冠状病毒病大流行期间，心血管危险因素以及健康素养是在当前大流行中优化公共卫生应对措施的关键因素。
移民对欧洲的公共卫生既是机遇也是挑战。有必要开展旨在更好地理解“健康移民效应”的研究。推广移民的有益行为可以改善全体人口的健康结果。筛查危险因素、管理慢性病和提高健康素养的具体干预措施可以改善移民的医疗保健。这场大流行对全体人口都是一个挑战，但让移民积极融入现有的医疗保健系统有助于改善欧洲移民的长期健康结果。
