Kautz Marin M, Burke Taylor A, Siegel David M, Case Julia, Alloy Lauren B
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2020 Dec;50(6):1250-1263. doi: 10.1111/sltb.12718. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
Findings from prior research on reward sensitivity in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) have been mixed. Childhood maltreatment is an independent risk factor for NSSI and for hyposensitivity to rewards. This study aimed to disentangle the role of reward sensitivity as a predictor of NSSI for those with an elevated severity of childhood maltreatment.
In a diverse undergraduate sample (N = 586), trait reward sensitivity (i.e., behavioral approach system subscales) and the severity of maltreatment were assessed as predictors of a lifetime history of NSSI. In a subset of this sample (n = 51), predictors of NSSI urge intensity were measured using ecological momentary assessment.
Individuals with elevated maltreatment who reported less positive responsiveness to rewards were more likely to have a lifetime history of NSSI. Those with elevated maltreatment who reported a lower likelihood to approach rewards experienced more intense NSSI urges across the ten-day observation period. However, those with elevated maltreatment who reported a greater likelihood to approach rewards experienced less intense NSSI urges.
The role of reward sensitivity as a cognitive risk factor for NSSI varies depending on childhood maltreatment history. Findings indicate that, for those with elevated maltreatment, hypersensitivity to approaching rewards may decrease risk for NSSI urges.
先前关于非自杀性自伤（NSSI）中奖励敏感性的研究结果不一。童年期受虐待是NSSI以及对奖励低敏感的一个独立风险因素。本研究旨在厘清奖励敏感性作为童年期受虐待严重程度较高者NSSI预测因素的作用。
在一个多样化的本科样本（N = 586）中，特质奖励敏感性（即行为趋近系统分量表）和受虐待严重程度被评估为NSSI终生史的预测因素。在该样本的一个子集中（n = 51），使用生态瞬时评估测量NSSI冲动强度的预测因素。
童年期受虐待程度较高且对奖励反应较不积极的个体更有可能有NSSI终生史。童年期受虐待程度较高且接近奖励可能性较低的个体在为期十天的观察期内经历了更强烈的NSSI冲动。然而，童年期受虐待程度较高且接近奖励可能性较大的个体经历的NSSI冲动较弱。
奖励敏感性作为NSSI认知风险因素的作用因童年期受虐待史而异。研究结果表明，对于童年期受虐待程度较高者，对接近奖励的高敏感性可能会降低NSSI冲动的风险。
