Neurology; Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, 1601 Trinity St. Bldg. B, Stop Z0700, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences; Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020 Nov 2;20(12):61. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-01081-z.
We explored themes in recent post-stroke dysphagia literature, focusing on the following questions: (1) What does post-stroke dysphagia look like?; (2) Who gets post-stroke dysphagia?; (3) What are the consequences of post-stroke dysphagia?; and (4) How can we improve treatment of post-stroke dysphagia?
There have been several improvements in quantitative descriptions of swallowing physiology using standard and new evaluation techniques. These descriptions have been correlated with lesion locations, and several factors can predict development of post-stroke dysphagia and its sequelae. Novel treatment paradigms have leveraged post-stroke neuroplastic improvements using neurostimulation and biofeedback techniques. Despite recent findings, the field is limited by lack of standardization and unanswered questions on rehabilitation variables. Our improved understanding of post-stroke dysphagia will enhance our ability to prevent, identify, and treat it. Future work should be grounded in swallowing physiology and continue refining treatments, particularly in the acute stage.
我们探讨了近期卒中后吞咽障碍文献中的主题，重点关注以下问题：（1）卒中后吞咽障碍的表现如何？；（2）哪些人会发生卒中后吞咽障碍？；（3）卒中后吞咽障碍的后果是什么？；以及（4）如何改善卒中后吞咽障碍的治疗？
使用标准和新的评估技术对吞咽生理学的定量描述有了一些改进。这些描述与病变部位相关，并且有几个因素可以预测卒中后吞咽障碍及其后遗症的发展。新的治疗模式利用神经刺激和生物反馈技术利用了卒中后的神经可塑性改善。尽管有最近的发现，但该领域仍受到缺乏标准化和对康复变量的未解决问题的限制。我们对卒中后吞咽障碍的理解的提高将增强我们预防、识别和治疗它的能力。未来的工作应该基于吞咽生理学，并继续完善治疗方法，特别是在急性期。
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