State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases & Digestive Diseases of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, PR China.
Future Oncol. 2021 Mar;17(9):1069-1081. doi: 10.2217/fon-2020-0703. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors scattered throughout the body. Surgery, locoregional or ablative therapies as well as maintenance treatments are applied in well-differentiated, low-grade NENs, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy is usually applied in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, treatment options for patients with advanced or metastatic NENs are limited. Immunotherapy has provided new treatment approaches for many cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors, but predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of NENs have not been fully reported. By reviewing the literature and international congress abstracts, we summarize the current knowledge of ICIs, potential predicative biomarkers in the treatment of NENs, implications and efficacy of ICIs as well as biomarkers for NENs of gastroenteropancreatic system, lung NENs and Merkel cell carcinoma in clinical practice.
神经内分泌肿瘤（NENs）是一组分布于全身的罕见肿瘤，具有异质性。对于分化良好、低度恶性的 NENs，采用手术、局部或消融治疗以及维持治疗，而对于高级别神经内分泌癌，则通常采用细胞毒性化疗。然而，晚期或转移性 NENs 患者的治疗选择有限。免疫疗法为包括神经内分泌肿瘤在内的许多癌症类型提供了新的治疗方法，但在 NENs 治疗中免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）的预测生物标志物尚未得到充分报道。通过回顾文献和国际大会摘要，我们总结了目前关于 ICIs、NENs 治疗中潜在预测性生物标志物、ICIs 的意义和疗效以及胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤、肺神经内分泌肿瘤和 Merkel 细胞癌的生物标志物的临床实践应用的知识。
