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Ann Anat. 2021 Mar;234:151625. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151625. Epub 2020 Nov 1.
Determining tricuspid valve comparative anatomy and appropriate animal models for preclinical evaluation of prosthetic tricuspid valve implants.
We described and measured 81 heart specimens: 12 humans, 22 dogs, 21 sheep and 26 pigs. Tricuspid annulus circumference varied in humans from 109 to 149 mm, in pigs from 85 to 140 mm, and were ≤125 mm in dogs and sheep. Tricuspid leaflet demarcation in dogs is similar to humans, while in pigs and sheep we observed three distinct leaflets. In humans, sheep and pigs, papillary muscle positions are similar. In dogs they are all based on the septum. A moderator band was observed in all species, but was of consistent thickness only in sheep.
Sheep and pigs are relevant animal models for evaluating prosthetic tricuspid valve implants. Seventy to 90 kg pigs have a tricuspid annulus size comparable to that in a dilated human heart, but due to possible fast growth leading to sizing incompatibilities, this represents a model for short-term study. Sheep are more stable in size for long term study, however, their tricuspid annulus size is the most similar to that in a healthy, non-dilated human heart. Dogs are not a suitable model due to their significantly different sub-valvular anatomy and smaller size.
确定三尖瓣比较解剖结构，并为经皮三尖瓣置换术的临床前评估寻找合适的动物模型。
我们描述并测量了 81 个心脏标本：12 例人体、22 例犬、21 例绵羊和 26 例猪。人类三尖瓣环周长范围为 109-149mm，猪为 85-140mm，犬和绵羊的三尖瓣环周长均小于 125mm。犬的三尖瓣叶分界与人类相似，而猪和绵羊有三个明显的瓣叶。在人类、绵羊和猪中，乳头肌的位置相似。在犬中，所有乳头肌都基于隔瓣。在所有物种中都观察到了节制索，但仅在绵羊中是一致的厚度。
绵羊和猪是评估经皮三尖瓣置换术的相关动物模型。70-90kg 的猪的三尖瓣环大小与扩张的人类心脏相似，但由于可能的快速生长导致尺寸不匹配，这是一种短期研究的模型。绵羊在大小上更稳定，适合长期研究，但是它们的三尖瓣环大小与健康、非扩张的人类心脏最相似。由于其瓣下解剖结构显著不同且体型较小，犬不是合适的模型。
