[Cells of the metrial gland: their relation to trophoblast cells and reproductive characteristics].

Data on the origin, morphology and function of metrial gland cells are reviewed. Characteristic features of metrial gland cells are the availability of numerous eosinophilic granules lying near two round or oval nuclei and peripheral zone of the cytoplasm, generally devoid of organelles. This zone can generate pseudopodia-like projections. The notable peculiarity of metrial gland cells involves their ability to penetrate into blood vessels, to migrate towards the embryo, and to achieve the ectoplacental cone. The majority of metrial gland cells is accumulated in the decidua basalis zone where the tertiary trophoblast cells usually migrate. The metrial gland cells seem to constitute a cell population analogous to that of decidual cells. Data on the protective role of metrial gland cells are discussed. The metrial gland cells are proven to be polyploid. Polyploid nuclei are found both in mononucleate and binucleate cells. Acytokinetic mitosis is presumably a way leading to polyploidization of metrial gland cells.