Institute of Professional Sport Education and Sport Qualifications, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
Eur J Neurosci. 2021 Feb;53(4):1107-1123. doi: 10.1111/ejn.15034. Epub 2020 Nov 22.
Recent work identified an explicit and implicit transfer of sensorimotor adaptation with one limb to the other, untrained limb. Here, we pursue the idea that different individual factors contribute differently to the amount of explicit and implicit intermanual transfer. In particular, we tested a group of judo athletes who show enhanced right-hemispheric involvement in motor control and a group of equally trained athletes. After adaptation to a 60° visual rotation, we estimated awareness of the perturbation and transfer to the untrained, non-dominant left hand in two experiments. We measured the total amount of intermanual transfer (explicit plus implicit) by telling the participants to repeat what was learned during adaptation, and the amount of implicit transfer by instructing the participants to refrain from using what was learned and to perform movements as during baseline instead. We found no difference between the total intermanual transfer of judokas and running experts, with mean absolute transfer values of 42.4° and 47.0°. Implicit intermanual transfer was very limited, but larger in judokas than in general sports athletes, with mean values of 5.2° and 1.6°. A multiple linear regression analysis further revealed that total intermanual transfer, which mainly represents the explicit transfer, is related to awareness of the perturbation, while implicit intermanual transfer can be predicted by judo training, amount of total training, speed of adaptation, and handedness scores. The findings suggest that neuronal mechanisms such as hemispheric interactions and functional specialization underlying intermanual transfer of motor learning may be applied according to individual predisposition.
最近的研究发现，一种明确和隐含的感觉运动适应从一条未受过训练的肢体转移到另一条肢体。在这里，我们探讨了不同的个体因素对显式和隐式双手间转移的量的贡献不同的想法。特别是，我们测试了一组柔道运动员，他们在运动控制中表现出右半球参与度增强，以及一组同等训练的运动员。在适应 60°的视觉旋转后，我们在两项实验中估计了对扰动的意识和对未受过训练的非主导左手的转移。我们通过告诉参与者重复在适应过程中学到的内容来测量双手间的总转移量（显式加隐式），并通过指示参与者避免使用所学内容并像在基线时那样进行运动来测量隐式转移量。我们发现柔道运动员和跑步专家之间的总双手间转移量没有差异，绝对转移值分别为 42.4°和 47.0°。隐式双手间转移非常有限，但在柔道运动员中比在一般运动运动员中更大，平均值分别为 5.2°和 1.6°。多元线性回归分析进一步表明，总双手间转移主要代表显式转移，与对扰动的意识有关，而隐式双手间转移可以通过柔道训练、总训练量、适应速度和利手得分来预测。研究结果表明，神经元机制，如半球间相互作用和运动学习双手间转移的功能专业化，可能会根据个体倾向而应用。
