Kim Bohye, Kim Oksoo
College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
J Korean Acad Nurs. 2020 Oct;50(5):714-726. doi: 10.4040/jkan.20139.
The aim of this study was to develop a situation-specific theory to explain the disease management experience of patients with asthma.
Twenty participants with asthma were selected using the theoretical sampling method. The data were acquired through in-depth interviews conducted from June to October 2018 and analyzed using the grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin.
In total, 69 concepts, 30 subcategories, and 13 categories were generated to explain the disease management experience of patients with asthma. The core category of the disease management experience of patients with asthma was 'management of the disease to prevent aggravation of symptoms over the lifetime'. The disease management process of asthma patients included three steps: the 'cognition phase', the 'adjustment phase', and the 'maintenance phase'. However, some patients remained in the 'stagnation phase' of disease management, which represents the result of the continual pursuit of risky health behavior. There were three types of disease management experiences among patients with asthma: 'self-managing', 'partially self-managing', and 'avoidant'.
This study shows that patients with asthma must lead their disease management process to prevent exacerbation of their symptoms. It is imperative to develop nursing strategies and establish policies for effective disease management of patients with asthma based on their individual disease management processes and types.
本研究旨在构建一种情境特定理论，以解释哮喘患者的疾病管理体验。
采用理论抽样方法选取20名哮喘患者。数据于2018年6月至10月通过深度访谈获取，并运用施特劳斯和科尔宾的扎根理论方法进行分析。
共生成69个概念、30个子类别和13个类别，以解释哮喘患者的疾病管理体验。哮喘患者疾病管理体验的核心类别是“终身管理疾病以防止症状加重”。哮喘患者的疾病管理过程包括三个步骤：“认知阶段”、“调整阶段”和“维持阶段”。然而，一些患者仍处于疾病管理的“停滞阶段”，这是持续追求危险健康行为的结果。哮喘患者有三种疾病管理体验类型：“自我管理型”、“部分自我管理型”和“回避型”。
本研究表明，哮喘患者必须主导其疾病管理过程以防止症状加重。基于患者个体的疾病管理过程和类型，制定护理策略并建立有效管理哮喘患者疾病的政策势在必行。
