Exercise Physiology Group, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Oct 31;12(11):3357. doi: 10.3390/nu12113357.
Sports supplements are commonly used by elite athletes with the main goal of enhancing sport performance. Supplements use might be substantially different depending on the sport discipline, sex, and competitive level. To date, data about prevalence and the most-commonly used supplements in handball are scarce. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to determine the patterns of supplements use by handball players of both sexes and with different competitive levels: One hundred and eighty-seven handball players (112 men and 75 women) of different competitive levels (106 professional and 81 amateur) completed a validated self-administered questionnaire about supplements use. Supplements were classified according to the categorization of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). Overall, 59.9% of the handball players ( = 112) declared the use of at least one supplement and there were no significant differences between men and women (58.9% vs. 61.3%, = 0.762) nor between professional vs. amateur handball players (67.1% vs. 53.8%, = 0.074). The most prevalent supplements were sports drinks (42.2%), followed by energy bars (35.3%) and caffeine-containing products (31.6%). However, a greater consumption of group A supplements (those with strong scientific evidence; = 0.029) and group B supplements (those with emerging scientific support, = 0.012) was observed in male compared to female handball players. Supplements categorized as medical supplements were more commonly consumed in professional vs. amateur players (0.48 ± 0.80 vs. 0.21 ± 0.44, supplements < 0.006). Additionally, a higher consumption of group B supplements was observed in professional compared to amateur players (0.58 ± 0.88 vs. 0.33 ± 0.72 supplements, = 0.015). Handball players revealed a moderate use of supplements while sex and competitive level slighted changed the pattern of supplements use. A high portion of handball players use supplements as fuel during exercise and reported the use of caffeine-containing supplements to enhance performance.
运动补剂被精英运动员广泛使用，主要目的是提高运动表现。根据运动项目、性别和竞技水平的不同，补剂的使用可能会有很大的差异。迄今为止，关于手球运动员的使用频率和最常用的补剂的数据还很缺乏。因此，本研究的目的是确定不同性别和竞技水平的男女手球运动员使用补剂的模式：187 名手球运动员（112 名男性和 75 名女性），包括不同竞技水平的运动员（106 名职业运动员和 81 名业余运动员），填写了一份关于补剂使用情况的经过验证的自我管理问卷。补剂根据澳大利亚体育学院（AIS）的分类进行分类。总体而言，59.9%（=112 人）的手球运动员声称使用了至少一种补剂，男性和女性之间没有显著差异（58.9%对 61.3%，=0.762），职业运动员和业余运动员之间也没有显著差异（67.1%对 53.8%，=0.074）。最常见的补剂是运动饮料（42.2%），其次是能量棒（35.3%）和含咖啡因产品（31.6%）。然而，与女性手球运动员相比，男性手球运动员更常使用 A 组补剂（有强有力科学证据支持的补剂，=0.029）和 B 组补剂（有新兴科学支持的补剂，=0.012）。与业余运动员相比，专业运动员更常使用被归类为医疗补剂的补剂（0.48±0.80 比 0.21±0.44， 0.006）。此外，与业余运动员相比，职业运动员更常使用 B 组补剂（0.58±0.88 比 0.33±0.72 补剂， =0.015）。手球运动员适度使用补剂，而性别和竞技水平稍微改变了补剂的使用模式。相当一部分手球运动员在运动时将补剂作为燃料，并报告使用含咖啡因的补剂来提高运动表现。
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