School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou Ave. 70, 17671 Athens, Greece.
School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Daphne, 17237 Athens, Greece.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 20;16(16):2773. doi: 10.3390/nu16162773.
Nutrition affects both body composition and, consequently, athletic performance. Only a few studies have assessed the nutritional behavior and knowledge of elite players. The present study aimed to assess the dietary intake, body composition, and nutritional knowledge of elite handball players. Thirty-nine handball players (age: 23.2 ± 2.7 years, weight: 88.2 ± 10.1 kg, height: 1.87 ± 0.07 m, and years of training: 13 ± 2) participated in the study. The athletes completed a set of anthropometric measurements, a 24 h food recall, and a translated edition of Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (A-NSKQ). The average body fat percentage was 16.7 ± 3.8%, while the average fat free mass was 73.9 ± 8.5 kg. The athletes' average daily energy intake was 2606.6 ± 756 kcal, while the average daily intake for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats was 243.85 ± 107.79 g [2.8 ± 1.3 g/kg BW/d-37.2 ± 10.5% of Total Energy Intake (TEI)], 131.59 ± 53.28 g (1.51 ± 0.7 g/kg BW/d-20.3 ± 6.9% of TEI), and 117.65 ± 40.52 g (40.9 ± 9.9% of TEI), respectively. For iron, calcium, and vitamin D, the average daily intakes were 19.33 ± 10.22 mg, 1287.7 ± 676.42 mg, and 3.22 ± 3.57 mcg respectively. The average success rate on the A-NSKQ was only 38.5 ± 10.7% out of 100. Elite handball players exhibit inadequate dietary intake and sports nutrition knowledge. Nutritional education should be a primary concern towards the amelioration of their athletic performance.
营养既影响身体成分，又对运动表现产生影响。仅有少数研究评估了精英运动员的营养行为和知识。本研究旨在评估精英手球运动员的饮食摄入、身体成分和营养知识。39 名手球运动员（年龄：23.2±2.7 岁，体重：88.2±10.1kg，身高：1.87±0.07m，训练年限：13±2 年）参与了研究。运动员完成了一系列人体测量学测量、24 小时食物回忆和简化版运动营养知识问卷（A-NSKQ）的翻译版本。平均体脂百分比为 16.7±3.8%，而无脂肪质量平均为 73.9±8.5kg。运动员的平均每日能量摄入量为 2606.6±756kcal，而碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪的平均每日摄入量分别为 243.85±107.79g[2.8±1.3g/kgBW/d-37.2±10.5%总能量摄入（TEI）]、131.59±53.28g（1.51±0.7g/kgBW/d-20.3±6.9%TEI）和 117.65±40.52g（40.9±9.9%TEI）。铁、钙和维生素 D 的平均日摄入量分别为 19.33±10.22mg、1287.7±676.42mg 和 3.22±3.57mcg。A-NSKQ 的平均成功率仅为 38.5±10.7%（满分 100 分）。精英手球运动员的饮食摄入和运动营养知识不足。营养教育应成为改善其运动表现的首要关注点。
