Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 31;21(21):8176. doi: 10.3390/ijms21218176.
Eukaryotic 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferases catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of a cytosine base in RNA sequences to produce 5-methylcytosine (mC). mC RNA methyltransferases play a crucial role in the maintenance of functionality and stability of RNA. Viruses have developed a number of strategies to suppress host innate immunity and ensure efficient transcription and translation for the replication of new virions. One such viral strategy is to use host mC RNA methyltransferases to modify viral RNA and thus to affect antiviral host responses. Here, we summarize the latest findings concerning the roles of mC RNA methyltransferases, namely, NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) proteins and DNA methyltransferase 2/tRNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT2/TRDMT1) during viral infections. Moreover, the use of mC RNA methyltransferase inhibitors as an antiviral therapy is discussed.
真核生物 5-甲基胞嘧啶 RNA 甲基转移酶催化将甲基基团转移到 RNA 序列中胞嘧啶碱基的第五位碳原子上，产生 5-甲基胞嘧啶（mC）。mC RNA 甲基转移酶在维持 RNA 的功能和稳定性方面发挥着关键作用。病毒已经开发了多种策略来抑制宿主先天免疫，并确保新病毒粒子的高效转录和翻译。其中一种病毒策略是利用宿主 mC RNA 甲基转移酶修饰病毒 RNA，从而影响抗病毒宿主反应。在这里，我们总结了 mC RNA 甲基转移酶（即 NOL1/NOP2/SUN 结构域（NSUN）蛋白和 DNA 甲基转移酶 2/tRNA 甲基转移酶 1（DNMT2/TRDMT1）在病毒感染过程中的最新研究发现。此外，还讨论了使用 mC RNA 甲基转移酶抑制剂作为抗病毒治疗的方法。
