Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 30;17(21):8012. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218012.
Research suggests that the dietary quality (DQ) of school lunches meeting the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) requirements may vary significantly. Possible drivers of variation include factors, such as socioeconomic status (SES) and rurality. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether there was variation in nutrient content and DQ by SES and rurality, when analyzing middle school lunch menus meeting NSLP requirements. A random sample of 45 Kansas middle school lunch menus each were obtained from websites of randomly selected districts from low- and high-SES strata. Thirty-day menus were analyzed for nutrient content. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 scores were calculated for DQ. Rurality was determined for schools by National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) locale. There were significant differences in added sugar ( < 0.001) and calcium ( = 0.001) favoring high-SES menus, and in sodium ( = 0.001) favoring low-SES menus. There were no nutrient differences by rurality. The HEI scores were not different by SES or rurality, with a mean score (SD) 61.9 (2.6) across all schools. Middle school lunch DQ in Kansas does not vary by SES or rurality. Efforts to improve DQ should focus on all foodservice operations, not specifically low-SES or rural schools.
研究表明，符合国家学校午餐计划（NSLP）要求的学校午餐的饮食质量（DQ）可能存在显著差异。可能导致差异的因素包括社会经济地位（SES）和农村地区等因素。本横断面研究的目的是确定在分析符合 NSLP 要求的中学午餐菜单时，SES 和农村地区是否存在营养成分和 DQ 的差异。从 SES 低和高的随机选择的地区的网站上随机抽取了 45 份堪萨斯州中学午餐菜单作为随机样本。对 30 天的菜单进行了营养成分分析。DQ 计算了健康饮食指数（HEI）2015 得分。学校的农村地区由国家教育统计中心（NCES）位置确定。高 SES 菜单中添加糖（<0.001）和钙（=0.001）有利，低 SES 菜单中钠（=0.001）有利，存在显著差异。农村地区没有营养差异。SES 或农村地区的 HEI 得分没有差异，所有学校的平均得分（SD）为 61.9（2.6）。堪萨斯州中学午餐的 DQ 不分 SES 或农村地区。改善 DQ 的努力应集中在所有餐饮服务运营上，而不仅仅是 SES 低或农村学校。
