WOX genes expression during the formation of new lateral roots from secondary structures in Populus nigra (L.) taproot.

Despite the large amounts of data available on lateral root formation, little is known about their initiation from secondary structures. In the present work, we applied a bending treatment to Populus nigra (L.) woody taproots to induce the formation of new lateral roots. The development of lateral roots was monitored by stereomicroscopic examination of cross-sections. Tissues were sampled from the bending zone in the proximity of the vascular cambium before (time 0) and after the application of bending at three different time points (24, 48, and 72 h) and analyzed for the expression of P. nigra WOX homologs. The initiation of new lateral roots was observed to originate from the vascular cambium zone and was followed by primordium formation and root emergence. PnWOX4a, PnWOX4b, PnWOX5a, PnWOX5b, PnWOX11/12a, and PnWOX11/12b were shown to be expressed during the formation of new lateral roots at different developmental stages. The mechanical stress simulated by bending treatment was shown to activate the molecular mechanism leading to the expression of WOX genes, which are hypothesized to control SLR formation in the cambium zone of poplar taproot.