Safianu Rufai, Plange-Rhule Jacob
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Int J Hypertens. 2020 Oct 21;2020:7053654. doi: 10.1155/2020/7053654. eCollection 2020.
Globally, sodium intake has been found to be far above the normal level required by the body. Within countries, variations in salt intake exist between rural communities and urban communities. Experimental and epidemiological studies as well as studies involving clinical trials show the existence of adverse effect of salt consumption on the blood pressure of adults. The study evaluated salt intake among older normotensive adults in Atonsu, a suburb of Kumasi in the Ashanti region of Ghana.
Participants were randomly selected from five churches which constituted cluster samples. A questionnaire was administered to participants for demographic information and dietary and lifestyle assessments. The study targeted 100 participants, twenty from each of the five churches. Eighty-two individuals gave their informed consent. Out of the 82 who gave their informed consent, 15 withdrew and 67 completed the course. The 67 participants comprised 36 (53.7%) men and 31 (46.3%) women. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, urinary sodium, urinary potassium, serum creatinine, serum sodium, and serum potassium concentrations were also measured.
Participants' mean age was 52.3 ± 8.7 years. Participants had 24 hr urinary sodium excretion of 153.0 ± 26.9 mmol/day. All participants indicated that they consume foods high in salt even though none of them added salt to their diet at table. Mean 24 hr urinary potassium was 52.5 ± 12.9 mmol/day. Mean systolic blood pressure was 119.9 ± 10.8 mmHg and mean diastolic blood pressure was 72.5 ± 7.3 mmHg. Their mean BMI was 23.7 ± 3.5 kg/m.
The participants who can be described as quite old and normotensive were high salt consumers, indicated by their dietary assessment and urinary sodium excretion, even though they had normal blood pressure.
全球范围内，已发现钠摄入量远高于身体所需的正常水平。在各个国家，农村社区和城市社区的盐摄入量存在差异。实验研究、流行病学研究以及涉及临床试验的研究表明，盐摄入对成年人血压存在不良影响。本研究评估了加纳阿散蒂地区库马西郊区阿托苏的老年血压正常成年人的盐摄入量。
参与者从构成整群样本的五所教堂中随机选取。向参与者发放问卷以获取人口统计学信息以及饮食和生活方式评估。该研究目标为100名参与者，从五所教堂中各选取20名。82人给予了知情同意。在这82名给予知情同意的人中，15人退出，67人完成了研究过程。这67名参与者包括36名（53.7%）男性和31名（46.3%）女性。还测量了收缩压和舒张压、体重指数（BMI）、尿钠、尿钾、血清肌酐、血清钠和血清钾浓度。
参与者的平均年龄为52.3±8.7岁。参与者24小时尿钠排泄量为153.0±26.9毫摩尔/天。所有参与者均表示他们食用高盐食物，尽管他们在餐桌上均未额外加盐。平均24小时尿钾为52.5±12.9毫摩尔/天。平均收缩压为119.9±10.8毫米汞柱，平均舒张压为72.5±7.3毫米汞柱。他们的平均BMI为23.7±3.5千克/平方米。
尽管这些参与者血压正常，但通过饮食评估和尿钠排泄表明，这些年龄较大且血压正常的参与者盐摄入量较高。
