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球形体芯片:琼脂糖微井图案化隔室培养 HepG2 球形体与遗传毒性测试兼容。

SpheroidChip: Patterned Agarose Microwell Compartments Harboring HepG2 Spheroids are Compatible with Genotoxicity Testing.

机构信息

Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

出版信息

ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2020 Apr 13;6(4):2427-2439. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01951. Epub 2020 Mar 2.

Abstract

Three-dimensional tissue culture models are emerging as effective alternatives to animal testing. They are especially beneficial for liver toxicity studies, enabling hepatocytes to display improved levels of liver-specific functions. One common model is hepatocyte spheroids, which are spontaneously formed cell aggregates. Techniques for spheroid formation include the use of ultralow attachment plates and the hanging drop method, both of which are technically challenging and relatively low throughput. Here, we describe a simple-to-use platform that improves spheroid production and is compatible with genotoxicity testing by the comet assay. To achieve this, we created a chip containing a microwell array where dozens of spheroids are contained within a single well of a 96-well plate. The microwells are made from agarose, a nontoxic material suitable for cell growth and spheroid formation. HepG2 cells loaded into customizable microwells formed spheroids through agarose-assisted aggregation within one to two days. In addition, the agarose matrix allows the same platform to be used in DNA damage analysis. Specifically, the comet assay enables quantification of DNA breaks based on the increased migration of damaged DNA through agarose during electrophoresis. Here, we developed a modified comet assay and show that intact HepG2 spheroids cultured in microwells can be electrophoresed to reveal the extent of DNA damage following exposure to inflammatory chemicals (HO and SIN-1). With this SpheroidChip analysis method, we detected a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage and observed rapid repair of HO-induced DNA damage. In summary, we utilized an agarose microarray to condense what had required an entire 96-well plate into a single well, enabling analysis techniques that were cumbersome or impossible under conditions of a single spheroid per well of a 96-well plate.

摘要

三维组织培养模型正在成为替代动物试验的有效方法。它们尤其适用于肝毒性研究,使肝细胞能够表现出更高水平的肝脏特异性功能。一种常见的模型是肝细胞球体,它是自发形成的细胞聚集体。形成球体的技术包括使用超低附着板和悬滴法,这两种方法都具有技术挑战性,并且相对通量较低。在这里,我们描述了一种简单易用的平台,可提高球体的产量,并与彗星分析的遗传毒性测试兼容。为了实现这一点,我们创建了一个包含微井阵列的芯片,其中几十个球体包含在 96 孔板的单个孔中。微井由琼脂糖制成,琼脂糖是一种适合细胞生长和球体形成的无毒材料。装入可定制微井的 HepG2 细胞通过琼脂糖辅助聚集在一到两天内形成球体。此外,琼脂糖基质允许相同的平台用于 DNA 损伤分析。具体来说,彗星分析能够根据电泳过程中受损 DNA 通过琼脂糖的迁移增加来定量 DNA 断裂。在这里,我们开发了一种改良的彗星分析方法,并表明在微井中培养的完整 HepG2 球体可以进行电泳,以显示暴露于炎症化学物质 (HO 和 SIN-1) 后 DNA 损伤的程度。使用这种球体芯片分析方法,我们检测到 DNA 损伤呈剂量依赖性增加,并观察到 HO 诱导的 DNA 损伤的快速修复。总之,我们利用琼脂糖微阵列将需要整个 96 孔板的内容压缩到一个孔中,从而能够分析在单个 96 孔板孔中每个球体的情况下繁琐或不可能进行的技术。

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