Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2021 Jun;70(6):1497-1510. doi: 10.1007/s00262-020-02758-7. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
It is well known that various inflammatory cells infiltrate cancer cells. Next to TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages), TAFs (tumor-associated fibroblasts) and TANs (tumor-associated neutrophils) also platelets form the tumor microenvironment. Taking into account the role of platelets in the development of cancer, we have decided to introduce a new term: tumor associated platelets-TAPs. To the best of our knowledge, thus far this terminology has not been employed by anyone. Platelets are the first to appear at the site of the inflammatory process that accompanies cancer development. Within the first few hours from the start of the colonization of cancer cells platelet-tumor aggregates are responsible for neutrophils recruitment, and further release a number of factors associated with tumor growth, metastasis and neoangiogenesis. On the other hand, it also has been indicated that factors delivered from platelets can induce a cytotoxic effect on the proliferating neoplastic cells, and even enhance apoptosis. Undoubtedly, TAPs' role seems to be more complex when compared to tumor associated neutrophils and macrophages, which do not allow for their division into TAP P1 and TAP P2, as in the case of TANs and TAMs. In this review we discuss the role of TAPs as an important element of tumor invasiveness and as a potentially new therapeutic target to prevent cancer development. Nevertheless, better exploring the interactions between platelets and tumor cells could help in the formulation of new therapeutic goals that support or improve the effectiveness of cancer treatment.
众所周知，各种炎症细胞浸润癌细胞。除了 TAMs（肿瘤相关巨噬细胞）、TAFs（肿瘤相关成纤维细胞）和 TANs（肿瘤相关中性粒细胞）外，血小板也构成了肿瘤微环境。考虑到血小板在癌症发展中的作用，我们决定引入一个新术语：肿瘤相关血小板-TAPs。据我们所知，到目前为止，还没有人使用过这个术语。血小板是在伴随癌症发展的炎症过程发生部位最早出现的细胞。在癌细胞定植后的最初几个小时内，血小板-肿瘤聚集体负责招募中性粒细胞，并进一步释放与肿瘤生长、转移和新血管生成相关的多种因子。另一方面，也有研究表明，从血小板中释放的因子可以对增殖的肿瘤细胞产生细胞毒性作用，甚至增强细胞凋亡。毫无疑问，与不允许将其分为 TAP P1 和 TAP P2 的 TANs 和 TAMs 相比，TAPs 的作用似乎更为复杂。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 TAPs 作为肿瘤侵袭的重要因素的作用，以及作为预防癌症发展的潜在新治疗靶点的作用。然而，更好地探索血小板与肿瘤细胞之间的相互作用，可以帮助制定新的治疗目标，以支持或提高癌症治疗的效果。
