Zhao Xiang, Dichtl Franziska F, Foran Heather M
Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria.
Psychol Health Med. 2022 Jun;27(5):1042-1051. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1842898. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
Smoking is a major public health problem in Austria, but relevant research and intervention is limited. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the present study aimed to test the model utility in an Austrian sample. As future self-continuity is likely to impact on health behavior, we also hypothesized an extended TPB with future self-continuity could further explain the variance in smoking. Using a prospective design, 94 current smokers (74.5% women; = 24.27 years; 61.7% daily smokers) from a university in South Austria completed the baseline and follow-up survey (one month after the baseline). Consistent with the TPB, intention and perceived behavioral control (PBC) significantly predicted smoking behavior; affective attitude and PBC were significantly associated with smoking intention. In contrast, cognitive attitude and subjective norm were unrelated to smoking intention. As hypothesized, the TPB explained 42% variance of smoking behavior and 31% variance of smoking intention. Participants' future self-continuity further explained the variance of smoking behavior. Our study demonstrates the utility of the TPB in understanding Austrian smoking behavior. The role of psychological perception of future self among smokers has been highlighted. Future smoking intervention may target PBC, affective attitude, as well as a life-span perspective.
吸烟是奥地利的一个主要公共卫生问题，但相关研究和干预措施有限。基于计划行为理论（TPB），本研究旨在检验该模型在奥地利样本中的效用。由于未来自我连续性可能会影响健康行为，我们还假设扩展后的带有未来自我连续性的TPB能够进一步解释吸烟行为的差异。采用前瞻性设计，来自奥地利南部一所大学的94名当前吸烟者（74.5%为女性；平均年龄=24.27岁；61.7%为每日吸烟者）完成了基线调查和随访调查（基线调查后一个月）。与TPB一致，意图和感知行为控制（PBC）显著预测了吸烟行为；情感态度和PBC与吸烟意图显著相关。相比之下，认知态度和主观规范与吸烟意图无关。如假设的那样，TPB解释了吸烟行为42%的差异和吸烟意图31%的差异。参与者的未来自我连续性进一步解释了吸烟行为的差异。我们的研究证明了TPB在理解奥地利吸烟行为方面的效用。吸烟者对未来自我的心理认知作用得到了强调。未来的吸烟干预可能针对PBC、情感态度以及寿命视角。
