Barnett Robert L, Charman Dan J, Johns Charles, Ward Sophie L, Bevan Andrew, Bradley Sarah L, Camidge Kevin, Fyfe Ralph M, Gehrels W Roland, Gehrels Maria J, Hatton Jackie, Khan Nicole S, Marshall Peter, Maezumi S Yoshi, Mills Steve, Mulville Jacqui, Perez Marta, Roberts Helen M, Scourse James D, Shepherd Francis, Stevens Todd
Geography, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK.
Département de biologie, chimie et géographie & Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
Sci Adv. 2020 Nov 4;6(45). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6376. Print 2020 Nov.
Rising sea levels have been associated with human migration and behavioral shifts throughout prehistory, often with an emphasis on landscape submergence and consequent societal collapse. However, the assumption that future sea-level rise will drive similar adaptive responses is overly simplistic. While the change from land to sea represents a dramatic and permanent shift for preexisting human populations, the process of change is driven by a complex set of physical and cultural processes with long transitional phases of landscape and socioeconomic change. Here, we use reconstructions of prehistoric sea-level rise, paleogeographies, terrestrial landscape change, and human population dynamics to show how the gradual inundation of an island archipelago resulted in decidedly nonlinear landscape and cultural responses to rising sea levels. Interpretation of past and future responses to sea-level change requires a better understanding of local physical and societal contexts to assess plausible human response patterns in the future.
海平面上升在整个史前时期都与人类迁徙和行为转变有关，人们常常强调景观被淹没以及随之而来的社会崩溃。然而，认为未来海平面上升将引发类似适应性反应的假设过于简单化。虽然从陆地到海洋的变化对原有人口来说是巨大且永久性的转变，但变化过程是由一系列复杂的自然和文化过程驱动的，景观和社会经济变化有漫长的过渡阶段。在此，我们利用史前海平面上升、古地理、陆地景观变化和人口动态的重建来表明，一个群岛的逐渐被淹没如何导致对海平面上升产生明显的非线性景观和文化反应。解读过去和未来对海平面变化的反应需要更好地了解当地的自然和社会背景，以评估未来可能的人类反应模式。
