Al Shidhani Nuhour Ali, Al Kendi Asma Ali, Al Kiyumi Maisa Hamed
Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman.
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
Int J Womens Health. 2020 Oct 28;12:911-925. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S272419. eCollection 2020.
Domestic violence against women before and/or during pregnancy is a concerning public health issue. It has a deleterious impact on both the mother and the baby.
The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and predictors of emotional and physical domestic violence during three periods (lifelong, one year before pregnancy and during pregnancy). Moreover, it evaluates the effects of domestic violence on the outcomes of pregnancy, including miscarriages, birth weight of the baby, gestational age at delivery, and mode of delivery.
This is a prospective observational study of literate pregnant women, attending four primary health-care centers in Muscat, from 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2020. Subjects with twin pregnancies were excluded from the study. The validated Arabic NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (NORAQ) was used to determine the prevalence of emotional and physical domestic violence. The recruited subjects were re-evaluated for birth outcomes at 2-4 weeks postpartum.
A total of 960 women participated in the study, with the mean age of 30.3 ± 5.4 years. Overall, experiences of lifelong domestic violence were reported by 161 women (16.8%), and the prevalence rate declined substantially in the one-year period preceding pregnancy and during pregnancy, 2.7% and 1.6%, respectively. Women who reported any type of domestic violence one year before pregnancy were at a higher risk of experiencing it again during pregnancy. A multivariate analysis of the obtained data revealed a strong association between physical domestic violence one year before pregnancy and unplanned pregnancy. Subjects with lifelong domestic violence reported higher rates of depression, insomnia, and somatic symptoms. No significant association was found between domestic violence, across any periods, and birth outcomes.
The rates of domestic violence are relatively lower during pregnancy and one year before pregnancy compared to those of the lifelong period among Omani women. A significant association was found between domestic violence and depression, insomnia, somatic symptoms, and unplanned pregnancy. Screening for domestic violence during the perinatal period, using high-quality surveys, is of utmost importance.
孕期及/或孕前针对女性的家庭暴力是一个令人担忧的公共卫生问题。它对母亲和婴儿都会产生有害影响。
本研究的目的是确定三个时期（一生、孕前一年和孕期）情感及身体家庭暴力的患病率和预测因素。此外，评估家庭暴力对妊娠结局的影响，包括流产、婴儿出生体重、分娩孕周和分娩方式。
这是一项对有读写能力的孕妇进行的前瞻性观察研究，研究对象为2019年4月1日至2020年3月31日期间在马斯喀特四个初级卫生保健中心就诊的孕妇。双胎妊娠的受试者被排除在研究之外。使用经过验证的阿拉伯语诺尔沃德家庭暴力问卷（NORAQ）来确定情感及身体家庭暴力的患病率。在产后2至4周对招募的受试者进行出生结局的重新评估。
共有960名女性参与了该研究，平均年龄为30.3±5.4岁。总体而言，161名女性（16.8%）报告有一生的家庭暴力经历；在孕前一年和孕期，患病率大幅下降，分别为2.7%和1.6%。孕前一年报告有任何类型家庭暴力的女性在孕期再次经历家庭暴力的风险更高。对所得数据进行多变量分析显示孕前一年身体家庭暴力与意外怀孕之间存在强烈关联。有一生家庭暴力经历的受试者报告抑郁症、失眠和躯体症状发生率更高。在任何时期，均未发现家庭暴力与出生结局之间存在显著关联。
与阿曼女性一生的家庭暴力发生率相比，孕期及孕前一年的家庭暴力发生率相对较低。发现家庭暴力与抑郁症、失眠、躯体症状及意外怀孕之间存在显著关联。在围产期使用高质量调查进行家庭暴力筛查至关重要。
