Vinmec HiTech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, 458 Minh Khai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2021 Feb;18(1):15-23. doi: 10.1007/s13770-020-00306-z. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent somatic stem/progenitor cells that can be isolated from various tissues and have attracted increasing attention from the scientific community. This is due to MSCs showing great potential for incurable disease treatment, and most applications of MSCs involve tissue degeneration and treatment of immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases. Conventional MSC cultures contain fetal bovine serum (FBS), which is a common supplement for cell development but is also a risk factor for exposure to animal-derived pathogens. To avoid the risks resulting from the xenogeneic origin and animal-derived pathogens of FBS, xeno-free media have been developed and commercialized to satisfy MSC expansion demands for human clinical applications. This review summarized and provided an overview of xeno-free media that are currently used for MSC expansion. Additionally, we discussed the influences of different xeno-free media on MSC biology with particular regard to cell morphology, surface marker expression, proliferation, differentiation and immunomodulation. The xeno-free media can be serum-free and xeno-free media or media supplemented with some human-originating substances, such as human serum, human platelet lysates, human umbilical cord serum/plasma, or human plasma-derived supplements for cell culture medium. These media have capacity to maintain a spindle-shaped morphology, the expression of typical surface markers, and the capacity of multipotent differentiation and immunomodulation of MSCs. Xeno-free media showed potential for safe use for human clinical treatment. However, the influences of these xeno-free media on MSCs are various and any xeno-free medium should be examined prior to being used for MSC cultures.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是多能成体干细胞/祖细胞，可以从各种组织中分离出来，引起了科学界的广泛关注。这是因为 MSCs 在治疗无法治愈的疾病方面具有巨大的潜力，并且 MSCs 的大多数应用涉及组织退化和免疫及炎症介导疾病的治疗。传统的 MSC 培养物含有胎牛血清（FBS），这是细胞发育的常用补充物，但也是接触动物源性病原体的危险因素。为了避免 FBS 的异源起源和动物源性病原体带来的风险，已经开发并商业化了无动物来源的培养基，以满足人类临床应用中 MSC 扩增的需求。本综述总结并概述了目前用于 MSC 扩增的无动物来源培养基。此外，我们讨论了不同无动物来源培养基对 MSC 生物学的影响，特别是细胞形态、表面标志物表达、增殖、分化和免疫调节。无动物来源的培养基可以是无血清和无动物来源的培养基，也可以是补充了一些人源物质的培养基，如人血清、人血小板裂解物、人脐带血清/血浆或人血浆衍生的细胞培养基补充物。这些培养基能够维持 MSC 的纺锤形形态、典型表面标志物的表达，以及多能分化和免疫调节的能力。无动物来源的培养基显示出安全用于人类临床治疗的潜力。然而，这些无动物来源的培养基对 MSCs 的影响是多种多样的，任何无动物来源的培养基在用于 MSC 培养之前都应进行检查。
