Rodríguez-Hernández Elba, Quintas-Granados Laura Itzel, Flores-Villalva Susana, Cantó-Alarcón Jorge Germinal, Milián-Suazo Feliciano
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, Km. 1 Carretera a Colón, Ajuchitlán Colón, 76280, Colón, Querétaro, México.
Universidad Mexiquense del Bicentenario, Unidad de Estudios Superiores de Tultitlán, Avenida Ex-Hacienda de Portales s/n, Villa Esmeralda, Tultitlán Estado de México, 54910, Tultitlán, México.
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2020;21(11):856-870. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B2000325.
The study and characterization of biomolecules involved in the interaction between mycobacteria and their hosts are crucial to determine their roles in the invasion process and provide basic knowledge about the biology and pathogenesis of disease. Promising new biomarkers for diagnosis and immunotherapy have emerged recently. Mycobacterium is an ancient pathogen that has developed complex strategies for its persistence in the host and environment, likely based on the complexity of the network of interactions between the molecules involved in infection. Several biomarkers have received recent attention in the process of developing rapid and reliable detection techniques for tuberculosis. Among the most widely investigated antigens are CFP-10 (10-kDa culture filtrate protein), ESAT-6 (6-kDa early secretory antigenic target), Ag85A, Ag85B, CFP-7, and PPE18. Some of these antigens have been proposed as biomarkers to assess the key elements of the response to infection of both the pathogen and host. The design of novel and accurate diagnostic methods is essential for the control of tuberculosis worldwide. Presently, the diagnostic methods are based on the identification of molecules in the humoral response in infected individuals. Therefore, these tests depend on the capacity of the host to develop an immune response, which usually is heterogeneous. In the last 20 years, special attention has been given to the design of multiantigenic diagnostic methods to improve the levels of sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we summarize the state of the art in the study and use of mycobacterium biomolecules with the potential to support novel tuberculosis control strategies.
研究和鉴定参与分枝杆菌与其宿主之间相互作用的生物分子，对于确定它们在入侵过程中的作用以及提供有关疾病生物学和发病机制的基础知识至关重要。最近出现了一些有前景的新型生物标志物用于诊断和免疫治疗。分枝杆菌是一种古老的病原体，它可能基于感染相关分子间相互作用网络的复杂性，形成了在宿主和环境中持续存在的复杂策略。在开发快速可靠的结核病检测技术过程中，几种生物标志物最近受到了关注。研究最广泛的抗原包括CFP-10（10 kDa培养滤液蛋白）、ESAT-6（6 kDa早期分泌抗原靶点）、Ag85A、Ag85B、CFP-7和PPE18。其中一些抗原已被提议作为生物标志物，以评估病原体和宿主对感染反应的关键要素。设计新颖且准确的诊断方法对于全球结核病的控制至关重要。目前，诊断方法基于对感染个体体液反应中分子的鉴定。因此，这些检测依赖于宿主产生免疫反应的能力，而这种能力通常是异质性的。在过去20年中，人们特别关注多抗原诊断方法的设计，以提高敏感性和特异性水平。在本综述中，我们总结了分枝杆菌生物分子研究和应用的现状，这些生物分子有可能支持新型结核病控制策略。
