Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Berlin, Germany.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2020 Dec;16(12):1143-1157. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2021.1847642. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. While its exact etiology is unknown, it is generally believed that MS is caused by environmental triggers in genetically predisposed individuals. Strong and consistent evidence suggests a key role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a B lymphotropic human gammaherpesvirus, in the etiology of MS. : This review summarizes recent developments in the field of EBV and MS with a focus on potential mechanisms underlying the role of EBV in MS. PubMed was searched for the terms 'Epstein-Barr virus' and 'multiple sclerosis'. : The current evidence is compatible with the working hypothesis that MS is a rare complication of EBV infection. Under the premise of a causative role of EBV in MS, it needs to be postulated that EBV causes a specific, and likely persistent, change(s) that is necessarily required for the development of MS. However, although progress has been made, the nature of that change and thus the precise mechanism explaining the role of EBV in MS remain elusive. The mechanism of EBV in MS therefore is a pressing question, whose clarification may substantially advance the pathophysiological understanding, rational therapies, and prevention of MS.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统的慢性炎症性脱髓鞘疾病。尽管其确切病因尚不清楚，但普遍认为 MS 是由遗传易感个体的环境触发因素引起的。强有力且一致的证据表明，人类疱疹病毒 4 型（EBV），一种 B 淋巴细胞嗜性γ疱疹病毒，在 MS 的发病机制中起关键作用。
本综述总结了 EBV 和 MS 领域的最新进展，重点关注 EBV 在 MS 中作用的潜在机制。在 PubMed 上使用术语“Epstein-Barr virus”和“multiple sclerosis”进行了检索。
目前的证据与 EBV 感染是 MS 罕见并发症的工作假说一致。在 EBV 对 MS 具有因果作用的前提下，需要假设 EBV 引起了特定的、可能持续的变化，这对于 MS 的发展是必要的。然而，尽管已经取得了进展，但这种变化的性质以及解释 EBV 在 MS 中作用的确切机制仍然难以捉摸。因此，EBV 在 MS 中的作用机制是一个紧迫的问题，其阐明可能会极大地促进对 MS 的病理生理学理解、合理的治疗方法和预防。
