Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Suite N-505, Box 0608, San Francisco, CA 94143-0608, USA.
College of Nursing, Jeju National University, 102 Jeju-daehakno, Jeju-city, Jeju 63243, South Korea.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Jan;113:103791. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103791. Epub 2020 Oct 13.
Safe patient handling legislation has been enacted in 11 states in the United States to protect healthcare workers from patient handing injuries. Implementations and outcomes may vary across hospitals by the characteristics of the institution.
This study was to investigate the changes in safe patient handling programs in hospitals, and nurses' perceptions, work practices, and musculoskeletal symptoms by hospital characteristics after the passage of California's safe patient handling legislation.
Repeated cross-sectional surveys.
Two statewide surveys of registered nurses were conducted in California, where a safe patient handling law became effective in 2012. Random samples were selected from the lists of the California Board of Registered Nurses (2000 nurses in 2013 and 3000 nurses in 2016).
Among survey respondents (26% in 2013 and 20% in 2016), the study sample included 254 nurses in 2013 and 281 nurses in 2016, who met the eligibility for this study: nurses employed in a hospital and had direct patient care or patient handling duties.
Data were collected by postal and on-line surveys. Data were compared by hospital size, geographic area, hospital teaching status, and ownership (for-profit, non-profit, government).
Between 2013 and 2016, nurses' reports showed improvements in safe patient handling policies and programs across the different characteristics of hospitals. In 2016, nurses in large, teaching, non-profit, and rural hospitals reported slightly better scores for safe patient handling program variables than their counterparts; however, changes in the use of mechanical lifting devices and experiences of musculoskeletal symptoms and injury were not significantly different by hospital characteristics. Overall, teaching hospitals consistently showed greater improvements than non-teaching hospitals for both hospital-level (safe patient handling programs and organizational practices) and individual-level (perceptions and symptoms) variables.
Our findings indicate overall improvements of safe patient handling programs in California hospitals after the passage of safe patient handling legislation. Positive changes appear to be greater among teaching, non-profit, and rural hospitals. However, greater positive changes in safe patient handling programs shown in certain hospital characteristics were not necessarily linked to more improvements in nurses' safe work practices and experiences of musculoskeletal symptoms or injuries.
美国已有 11 个州颁布了安全患者搬运立法，以保护医护人员免受患者搬运伤害。由于机构的特点，医院之间的实施和结果可能有所不同。
本研究旨在调查加利福尼亚州安全患者搬运立法通过后，医院安全患者搬运计划的变化，以及护士的感知、工作实践和肌肉骨骼症状因医院特征而异。
重复的横断面调查。
在加利福尼亚州进行了两次针对注册护士的全州调查，那里的安全患者搬运法于 2012 年生效。从加利福尼亚州注册护士委员会的名单中随机抽取样本（2013 年 2000 名护士，2016 年 3000 名护士）。
在调查应答者中（2013 年为 26%，2016 年为 20%），研究样本包括 2013 年的 254 名护士和 2016 年的 281 名护士，他们符合这项研究的资格：在医院工作，有直接的患者护理或患者搬运职责。
通过邮政和在线调查收集数据。根据医院规模、地理位置、医院教学状况和所有权（营利性、非营利性、政府）对数据进行比较。
2013 年至 2016 年间，护士的报告显示，不同医院特征的安全患者搬运政策和计划有所改善。2016 年，大型、教学、非营利性和农村医院的护士在安全患者搬运计划变量方面的得分略高于同行；然而，机械起重设备的使用以及肌肉骨骼症状和损伤的经历在医院特征方面没有显著差异。总体而言，教学医院在医院层面（安全患者搬运计划和组织实践）和个人层面（认知和症状）的变量方面都显示出比非教学医院更大的改善。
我们的发现表明，加利福尼亚州医院在安全患者搬运立法通过后，安全患者搬运计划总体有所改善。在教学、非营利性和农村医院中，积极的变化似乎更大。然而，在某些医院特征中显示出的安全患者搬运计划的更大积极变化，并不一定与护士安全工作实践和肌肉骨骼症状或损伤的更多改善相关。
