Dalal Nishu, Jalandra Rekha, Sharma Minakshi, Prakash Hridayesh, Makharia Govind K, Solanki Pratima R, Singh Rajeev, Kumar Anil
Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Environmental Science, Satyawati College, Delhi University, Delhi 110052, India.
Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Nov;131:110648. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110648. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third among the most commonly occurring cancers worldwide, and it causes half a million deaths annually. Alongside mechanistic study for CRC detection and treatment by conventional techniques, new technologies have been developed to study CRC. These technologies include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics which elucidate DNA markers, RNA transcripts, protein and, metabolites produced inside the colon and rectum part of the gut. All these approaches form the omics arena, which presents a remarkable opportunity for the discovery of novel prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and also delineate the underlying mechanism of CRC causation, which may further help in devising treatment strategies. This review also mentions the latest developments in metagenomics and culturomics as emerging evidence suggests that metagenomics of gut microbiota has profound implications in the causation, prognosis, and treatment of CRC. A majority of bacteria cannot be studied as they remain unculturable, so culturomics has also been strengthened to develop culture conditions suitable for the growth of unculturable bacteria and identify unknown bacteria. The overall purpose of this review is to succinctly evaluate the application of omics technologies in colorectal cancer research for improving the diagnosis and treatment strategies.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球最常见的癌症之一，每年导致50万人死亡。除了通过传统技术对CRC进行检测和治疗的机制研究外，还开发了新技术来研究CRC。这些技术包括基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学，它们可以阐明肠道结肠和直肠部分产生的DNA标记、RNA转录本、蛋白质和代谢产物。所有这些方法构成了组学领域，为发现新的预后、诊断和治疗生物标志物提供了显著机会，还能描绘CRC病因的潜在机制，这可能有助于制定治疗策略。随着新证据表明肠道微生物群的宏基因组学在CRC的病因、预后和治疗方面具有深远影响，本综述还提及了宏基因组学和培养组学的最新进展。由于大多数细菌无法培养，因此培养组学也得到了加强，以开发适合不可培养细菌生长的培养条件并鉴定未知细菌。本综述的总体目的是简要评估组学技术在结直肠癌研究中的应用，以改进诊断和治疗策略。
