School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH. United Kingdom.
Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021 Jan;1875(1):188456. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188456. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
Exosomes play a crucial role in the crosstalk between cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and cancer cells, contributing to carcinogenesis and the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies have revealed that CAFs, normal fibroblasts and cancer cells all secrete exosomes that contain miRNA, establishing a cell-cell communication network within the tumour microenvironment. For example, miRNA dysregulation in melanoma has been shown to promote CAF activation via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which in turn alters the secretory phenotype of CAFs in the stroma. This review assesses the roles of melanoma exosomal miRNAs in CAF formation and how CAF exosome-mediated feedback signalling to melanoma lead to tumour progression and metastasis. Moreover, efforts to exploit exosomal miRNA-mediated network communication between tumour cells and their microenvironment, and their potential as prognostic biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets in melanoma will also be considered.
外泌体在癌相关成纤维细胞 (CAFs) 和癌细胞之间的串扰中发挥着关键作用，有助于致癌作用和肿瘤微环境的形成。最近的研究表明，CAFs、正常成纤维细胞和癌细胞都分泌含有 miRNA 的外泌体，在肿瘤微环境中建立了细胞间通讯网络。例如，黑色素瘤中 miRNA 的失调通过诱导上皮-间充质转化 (EMT) 来促进 CAF 的激活，进而改变基质中 CAF 的分泌表型。本综述评估了黑色素瘤外泌体 miRNA 在 CAF 形成中的作用，以及 CAF 外泌体介导的反馈信号对黑色素瘤的作用如何导致肿瘤的进展和转移。此外，还将考虑利用肿瘤细胞与其微环境之间外泌体 miRNA 介导的网络通讯及其作为黑色素瘤预后生物标志物或新型治疗靶点的潜力。
