Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
J Cell Sci. 2020 Nov 5;133(21):jcs250449. doi: 10.1242/jcs.250449.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were among the earliest examples of a subclass of proteins with extracellular functions that were found to lack N-terminal secretory signal peptides and were shown to be secreted in an ER- and Golgi-independent manner. Many years later, a number of alternative secretory pathways have been discovered, processes collectively termed unconventional protein secretion (UPS). In the course of these studies, unconventional secretion of FGF2 and IL-1β were found to be based upon distinct pathways, mechanisms and molecular machineries. Following a concise introduction into various pathways mediating unconventional secretion and transcellular spreading of proteins, this Cell Science at a Glance poster article aims at a focused analysis of recent key discoveries providing unprecedented detail about the molecular mechanisms and machineries driving FGF2 and IL-1β secretion. These findings are also highly relevant for other unconventionally secreted cargoes that, like FGF2 and IL1β, exert fundamental biological functions in biomedically relevant processes, such as tumor-induced angiogenesis and inflammation.
成纤维细胞生长因子 2（FGF2）和白细胞介素 1β（IL-1β）是最早发现的具有细胞外功能的蛋白质亚类之一，它们缺乏 N 端分泌信号肽，并且以 ER 和高尔基体非依赖性方式分泌。多年后，发现了许多其他的分泌途径，这些过程统称为非传统蛋白分泌（UPS）。在这些研究中，发现 FGF2 和 IL-1β 的非传统分泌是基于不同的途径、机制和分子机制。在简要介绍介导非传统分泌和蛋白质跨细胞扩散的各种途径后，本《细胞科学速览》海报文章旨在重点分析最近的关键发现，这些发现提供了关于驱动 FGF2 和 IL-1β 分泌的分子机制和机制的前所未有的详细信息。这些发现对于其他非传统分泌的货物也具有重要意义，这些货物与 FGF2 和 IL1β 一样，在与生物医学相关的过程中发挥着基本的生物学功能，例如肿瘤诱导的血管生成和炎症。
