Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany.
Cell. 2020 Nov 12;183(4):890-904.e29. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015. Epub 2020 Nov 5.
The Eastern Eurasian Steppe was home to historic empires of nomadic pastoralists, including the Xiongnu and the Mongols. However, little is known about the region's population history. Here, we reveal its dynamic genetic history by analyzing new genome-wide data for 214 ancient individuals spanning 6,000 years. We identify a pastoralist expansion into Mongolia ca. 3000 BCE, and by the Late Bronze Age, Mongolian populations were biogeographically structured into three distinct groups, all practicing dairy pastoralism regardless of ancestry. The Xiongnu emerged from the mixing of these populations and those from surrounding regions. By comparison, the Mongols exhibit much higher eastern Eurasian ancestry, resembling present-day Mongolic-speaking populations. Our results illuminate the complex interplay between genetic, sociopolitical, and cultural changes on the Eastern Steppe.
东亚草原是游牧牧民历史上的帝国的所在地，包括匈奴和蒙古人。然而，关于该地区的人口历史知之甚少。在这里，我们通过分析跨越 6000 年的 214 个古代个体的全基因组新数据，揭示了其动态遗传历史。我们发现，大约在公元前 3000 年，牧民向蒙古扩张，到了青铜时代晚期，蒙古人口在生物地理上分为三个不同的群体，尽管祖先是不同的，但都实行乳畜业。匈奴是由这些人口与来自周边地区的人口混合形成的。相比之下，蒙古人具有更高的东亚欧亚大陆血统，与现代讲蒙古语的人群相似。我们的研究结果阐明了遗传、社会政治和文化变化在东部草原上的复杂相互作用。
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