Zhao Zhixin, Zhao Feiyan, Chimeddorj Battogtokh, Sun Zhihong, Tserenkhuu Enkhtsetseg, Ochirdanzan Munkhtsetseg, Ganpurev Dulamsuren, Fun Weng, Li Weicheng, Liu Wenjun, Yang Shuying, Zhang Mengdi, Davaasambuu Enkhmaa, Talkhaa Yagaantsetseg, Narankhuu Yansanjav, Bromage Sabri, Warinner Christina, Menghe Bilige, Ganmaa Davaasambuu
Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Hohhot Inner Mongolia China.
Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Hohhot Inner Mongolia China.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jul 4;13(7):e70531. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70531. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Until recently, nomadic nomadism has been the dominant culture in Mongolia. Dietary patterns have evolved to fit this culture and ensure the health of people. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the key role of dietary nutrition in maintaining the health of the Mongolian population and its impact on gut microbiota. Meanwhile, the correlations between the gut microbiota, dietary nutrition, and health status of the Mongolian population were explored. This study revealed distinct patterns in the dietary structures of urban and nomadic populations. During winter, urban populations consume more fruits, vegetables, and egg products, whereas nomads consume more dairy products. The intake of nutrients such as energy, protein, and carbohydrates, and blood indices such as blood glucose and total cholesterol (TC) of nomadic populations were found to be significantly higher than those of urban residents ( < 0.05), and these nutrients exhibited significant correlations with the blood indices. Furthermore, the influence of both region and season on the gut microbiota of the Mongolian population with regional disparities was greater than that of seasonal variations. In winter, the gut microbiota composition of nomadic populations differed significantly from that of urban populations, as evidenced by a decrease in , , , , and and an increase in , , , , and ( < 0.05). Additionally, lactic acid bacteria and sp. were abundant in the gut of the Mongolian population, which present promising opportunities for developing and utilizing unique probiotic resources in Mongolia. The study also found correlations between microbial species and blood indices, as well as nutrients, providing novel evidence to support the complex relationships between gut microbiota, nutrition, and health status in the Mongolian population. Overall, this study revealed significant differences in dietary nutrition, gut microbiota, and health status among geographically diverse populations in Mongolia and contributed to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between gut microbiota, nutrition, and health among Mongolians.
直到最近，游牧生活方式一直是蒙古国的主导文化。饮食模式已逐渐演变以适应这种文化并确保人们的健康。本横断面研究旨在调查饮食营养在维持蒙古族人群健康中的关键作用及其对肠道微生物群的影响。同时，还探讨了蒙古族人群肠道微生物群、饮食营养与健康状况之间的相关性。本研究揭示了城市和游牧人群饮食结构的不同模式。冬季，城市人群食用更多的水果、蔬菜和蛋类产品，而游牧民则食用更多的乳制品。发现游牧人群的能量、蛋白质和碳水化合物等营养素摄入量以及血糖和总胆固醇（TC）等血液指标显著高于城市居民（<0.05），并且这些营养素与血液指标呈现显著相关性。此外，地区和季节对存在地区差异的蒙古族人群肠道微生物群的影响大于季节变化。冬季，游牧人群的肠道微生物群组成与城市人群有显著差异，表现为 、 、 、 、 减少， 、 、 、 增加（<0.05）。此外，乳酸菌和 属在蒙古族人群肠道中含量丰富，这为蒙古国开发和利用独特的益生菌资源提供了广阔前景。该研究还发现微生物种类与血液指标以及营养素之间存在相关性，为支持蒙古族人群肠道微生物群、营养与健康状况之间的复杂关系提供了新证据。总体而言，本研究揭示了蒙古国不同地理位置人群在饮食营养、肠道微生物群和健康状况方面的显著差异，并有助于更深入地理解蒙古族人群肠道微生物群、营养与健康之间的复杂相互作用。
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