Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jan 15;278(Pt 2):111555. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111555. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
Biological sulfide precipitation by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) is an emerging technique for the recovery of heavy metals from metal contaminated wastewater. Advantages of this technique include low capital cost, ability to form highly insoluble salts, and capability to remove and recover heavy metals even at very low concentrations. Therefore, sulfate reduction under anaerobic conditions has become a suitable alternative for the treatment of wastewaters that contain metals. However, bioreactor configurations for recovery of metals from sulfate rich metallic wastewater have not been explored widely. Moreover, the recovered metal sulfide nanoparticles could be applied in various fields such as solar cells, dye degradation, electroplating, etc. Hence, metal recovery in the form of nanoparticles from wastewater could serve as an incentive for industries. The simultaneous metal removal and recovery can be achieved in either a single-stage or multistage systems. This paper aims to present an overview of the different bioreactor configurations for the treatment of wastewater containing sulfate and metal along with their advantages and drawbacks for metal recovery. Currently followed biological strategies to mitigate sulfate and metal rich wastewater are evaluated in detail in this review.
生物硫化物沉淀由硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）是一种新兴的技术，用于从金属污染废水中回收重金属。该技术的优点包括资本成本低、能够形成高度不溶的盐，以及即使在非常低的浓度下也能够去除和回收重金属。因此，在厌氧条件下进行硫酸盐还原已成为处理含有金属的废水的一种合适的替代方法。然而，从富含硫酸盐的金属废水中回收金属的生物反应器配置尚未得到广泛探索。此外，回收的金属硫化物纳米颗粒可应用于太阳能电池、染料降解、电镀等各个领域。因此，以纳米颗粒的形式从废水中回收金属可以成为工业的动力。可以在单级或多级系统中实现同时去除和回收金属。本文旨在介绍不同的生物反应器配置，用于处理含有硫酸盐和金属的废水，并概述其在金属回收方面的优缺点。本文详细评估了目前用于减轻富含硫酸盐和金属的废水的生物策略。
