State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China E-mail:
Water Sci Technol. 2020 May;81(9):1797-1827. doi: 10.2166/wst.2020.227.
Industrial development has led to generation of large volumes of wastewater containing heavy metals, which need to be removed before the wastewater is released into the environment. Chemical and electrochemical methods are traditionally applied to treat this type of wastewater. These conventional methods have several shortcomings, such as secondary pollution and cost. Bioprocesses are gradually gaining popularity because of their high selectivities, low costs, and reduced environmental pollution. Removal of heavy metals by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is an economical and effective alternative to conventional methods. The limitations of and advances in SRB activity have not been comprehensively reviewed. In this paper, recent advances from laboratory studies in heavy metal removal by SRB were reported. Firstly, the mechanism of heavy metal removal by SRB is introduced. Then, the factors affecting microbial activity and metal removal efficiency are elucidated and discussed in detail. In addition, recent advances in selection of an electron donor, enhancement of SRB activity, and improvement of SRB tolerance to heavy metals are reviewed. Furthermore, key points for future studies of the SRB process are proposed.
工业发展导致了大量含有重金属的废水的产生，这些废水在排放到环境中之前需要进行处理。传统上应用化学和电化学方法来处理这种废水。这些常规方法存在一些缺点，例如二次污染和成本高。由于生物过程具有高选择性、低成本和减少环境污染等优点，因此逐渐受到关注。硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）去除重金属是一种替代传统方法的经济有效方法。然而，SRB 活性的局限性和进展尚未得到全面综述。本文综述了近年来实验室研究中 SRB 去除重金属的最新进展。首先，介绍了 SRB 去除重金属的机制。然后，详细阐明和讨论了影响微生物活性和金属去除效率的因素。此外，还综述了最近在选择电子供体、增强 SRB 活性和提高 SRB 对重金属的耐受性方面的进展。最后，提出了 SRB 工艺未来研究的要点。
