Pickron Charisse B, Fava Eswen, Scott Lisa S
Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Department of Psychology, University of Florida.
Infancy. 2017 Sep;22(5):626-644. doi: 10.1111/infa.12180. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Using the eye gaze of others to direct one's own attention develops during the first year of life and is thought to be an important skill for learning and social communication. However, it is currently unclear whether infants differentially attend to and encode objects cued by the eye gaze of individuals within familiar groups (e.g., own race, more familiar sex) relative to unfamiliar groups (e.g., other race, less familiar sex). During gaze cueing, but prior to the presentation of objects, 10-month-olds looked longer to the eyes of own-race faces relative to 5-month-olds and relative to the eyes of other-race faces. After gaze cueing, two objects were presented alongside the face and at both ages, infants looked longer to the uncued objects for faces from the more familiar-sex and longer to cued objects for the less familiar-sex faces. Finally, during the test phase, both 5- and 10-month-old infants looked longer to uncued objects relative to cued objects but only when the objects were cued by an own-race and familiar-sex individual. Results demonstrate that infants use face eye gaze differently when the cue comes from someone within a highly experienced group.
利用他人的目光注视来引导自己的注意力在生命的第一年发展起来，并且被认为是学习和社交沟通的一项重要技能。然而，目前尚不清楚婴儿相对于不熟悉的群体（例如，其他种族、不太熟悉的性别），是否会对熟悉群体（例如，自己的种族、更熟悉的性别）中个体的目光注视所提示的物体进行有差异的关注和编码。在目光提示期间，但在物体呈现之前，相对于5个月大的婴儿以及相对于其他种族面孔的眼睛，10个月大的婴儿看向自己种族面孔的眼睛的时间更长。目光提示后，在面孔旁边呈现两个物体，在两个年龄段，婴儿对来自更熟悉性别的面孔的未提示物体注视时间更长，而对来自不太熟悉性别的面孔的提示物体注视时间更长。最后，在测试阶段，5个月和10个月大的婴儿相对于提示物体，对未提示物体注视时间更长，但仅当物体由自己种族且熟悉性别的个体提示时才会如此。结果表明，当提示来自经验丰富的群体中的某个人时，婴儿对脸部目光注视的使用方式有所不同。
