J Acad Nutr Diet. 2021 Sep;121(9):1881-1893. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.092. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
The 2020 update to KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a result of the collaboration between the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy). The target population for this guideline is adults with stages 1 through 5 CKD who are not receiving dialysis, end-stage kidney disease including those on dialysis, and individuals with functional kidney transplant. The updated guideline includes 83 recommendations on important nutrition topics in CKD, including nutrition screening and assessment; medical nutrition therapy; dietary protein and energy intake; micronutrients; electrolytes; nutritional supplementation; and dietary patterns. Both Academy and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approaches were used to assess quality of evidence and rate the recommendation statements. Guideline recommendations were the result of a comprehensive systematic review, clinical expertise, and considerations for individualized care.
2020 年版 KDOQI 慢性肾脏病（CKD）营养临床实践指南的更新，是国家肾脏基金会（NKF）与营养与饮食学会（Academy）合作的成果。本指南的目标人群为 1 至 5 期 CKD 且未接受透析的成人、终末期肾病（包括正在透析的患者）以及有功能的肾移植患者。更新后的指南包括 83 条关于 CKD 重要营养主题的建议，包括营养筛查和评估、医学营养治疗、膳食蛋白质和能量摄入、微量营养素、电解质、营养补充剂和饮食模式。本指南同时采用了 Academy 和推荐评估、制定与评价（GRADE）方法来评估证据质量并为推荐声明评级。指南建议是全面系统审查、临床专业知识以及个体化治疗考虑的综合结果。
