Department of Commodity Science, Quality Assessment, Process Engineering, and Human Nutrition, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland.
Departament of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 14;25(20):11036. doi: 10.3390/ijms252011036.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide increases as the population ages. The progression of the disease increases the risk of complications and death and leads to end-stage renal failure, requiring renal replacement therapy. Despite the positive effect of hemodialysis (HD), patients are at risk of developing malnutrition, inflammation, oxidative stress, or cardiovascular disease, which worsens quality of life and can lead to organ dysfunction. The occurrence of the mentioned disorders depends largely on the diet, so changes in diet composition are an important part of the treatment of kidney disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a balanced diet on some parameters of oxidative stress, immune response, and nutritional status in patients. This study included 57 HD patients (19 women and 38 men). In all of them, nutritional status and diet were initially determined, and then, they were divided into six groups, which received different diets and supplements. Serum levels of albumin, total protein, MDA, and the cytokines Il-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 were determined, and the activity of the enzymes such as CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px were determined in erythrocytes by spectrophotometry. Based on the results of BMI, albumin, and total protein, it can be concluded that a well-balanced diet can reduce weight loss. This study shows that a well-balanced diet can reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ensure the normal activity of antioxidative enzymes in the blood of HD patients.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）在全球的患病率随着人口老龄化而增加。疾病的进展增加了并发症和死亡的风险，并导致终末期肾衰竭，需要肾脏替代治疗。尽管血液透析（HD）有积极作用，但患者仍有发生营养不良、炎症、氧化应激或心血管疾病的风险，这会降低生活质量，并导致器官功能障碍。上述疾病的发生在很大程度上取决于饮食，因此改变饮食成分是治疗肾脏病的重要组成部分。本研究旨在评估均衡饮食对 HD 患者某些氧化应激、免疫反应和营养状况参数的影响。本研究纳入了 57 名 HD 患者（19 名女性和 38 名男性）。在所有人中，首先确定了营养状况和饮食情况，然后将他们分为六组，分别接受不同的饮食和补充剂。通过分光光度法测定血清白蛋白、总蛋白、MDA 水平以及细胞因子 IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α 和 IL-10 的水平，并测定红细胞中 CAT、SOD 和 GSH-Px 等酶的活性。基于 BMI、白蛋白和总蛋白的结果，可以得出均衡饮食可以减少体重减轻的结论。本研究表明，均衡饮食可以减少促炎细胞因子的分泌，并确保 HD 患者血液中抗氧化酶的正常活性。
