Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 20;761:143197. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143197. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
The increasing occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms worldwide represents an important threat for both the environment and public health. In this context, the development of risk analysis and management tools as well as sustainable and cost-effective treatment processes is essential. The research project TALGENTOX, funded by the Ibero-American Science and Technology Program for Development (CYTED-2019), aims to address this ambitious challenge in countries with different environmental and social conditions within the Ibero-American context. It is based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines ecology, water management and technology fields, and includes research groups from Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Spain. In this review, the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in freshwaters from these countries are summarized. The presence of cyanotoxins has been confirmed in all countries but the information is still scarce and further monitoring is required. In this regard, remote sensing or metagenomics are good alternatives at reasonable cost. The risk management of freshwaters from those countries considering the most frequent uses (consumption and recreation) has been also evaluated. Only Spain and Peru include cyanotoxins in its drinking water legislation (only MC-LR) and thus, there is a need for regulatory improvements. The development of preventive strategies like diminishing nutrient loads to aquatic systems is also required. In the same line, corrective measures are urgently needed especially in drinking waters. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have the potential to play a major role in this scenario as they are effective for the elimination of most cyanotoxins classes. The research on the field of AOPs is herein summarized considering the cost-effectiveness, environmental character and technical applicability of such technologies. Fenton-based processes and photocatalysis using solar irradiation or LED light represent very promising alternatives given their high cost-efficiency. Further research should focus on developing stable long-term operation systems, addressing their scale-up.
蓝藻水华的全球频发对环境和公共健康构成了重要威胁。在此背景下，开发风险分析和管理工具以及可持续且具有成本效益的处理工艺至关重要。TALGENTOX 研究项目由伊比利亚美洲科技合作计划（CYTED-2019）资助，旨在应对伊比利亚美洲国家在不同环境和社会条件下所面临的这一艰巨挑战。该项目基于跨学科方法，融合了生态学、水管理和技术领域，汇集了来自智利、哥伦比亚、墨西哥、秘鲁和西班牙的研究团队。本综述总结了这些国家淡水中有毒蓝藻和蓝藻毒素的发生情况。所有国家都确认存在蓝藻毒素，但信息仍然有限，需要进一步监测。在这方面，遥感或宏基因组学是具有成本效益的良好替代方法。还评估了考虑到最常见用途（消费和娱乐）的这些国家的淡水资源的风险管理。只有西班牙和秘鲁将蓝藻毒素纳入其饮用水法规（仅 MC-LR），因此需要进行监管改进。还需要制定预防策略，例如减少营养物质向水生系统的负荷。同样，特别是在饮用水中，急需采取纠正措施。高级氧化工艺（AOPs）在这种情况下可能发挥重要作用，因为它们可有效消除大多数蓝藻毒素类别。本文考虑到成本效益、环境特性和技术适用性，对 AOP 领域的研究进行了总结。基于芬顿的工艺和使用太阳辐射或 LED 光的光催化是非常有前途的替代方法，因为它们具有很高的成本效益。进一步的研究应侧重于开发稳定的长期运行系统，解决其放大问题。
