Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, and SA-MRC unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, South Africa.
Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, and SA-MRC unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2020 Nov;36:65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.10.002. Epub 2020 Oct 13.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. The diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children is often challenging as children present with non-specific clinical symptoms, have difficulties providing specimens and have a low bacillary load. Radiological imaging supports a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children, can assess response to treatment and evaluate complications of TB. However, radiological signs on plain radiographs are often non-specific and inter-observer variability in the interpretation contribute to the difficulties in radiological interpretation and diagnosis. The goal of this review is to discuss the advantages and features of cross-sectional imaging such as ultrasound, Computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing pulmonary TB (PTB) and its complications in children.
结核病（TB）仍然是全球传染病死亡的主要原因。儿童结核病的诊断常常具有挑战性，因为儿童表现出非特异性的临床症状，难以提供标本，并且细菌负荷低。影像学检查可支持儿童肺结核的临床诊断，可评估治疗反应并评估结核病的并发症。但是，普通 X 光片上的影像学征象通常是非特异性的，并且观察者之间的差异会导致影像学解释和诊断困难。本文的目的是讨论超声、计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI）等影像学检查在诊断儿童肺结核（PTB）及其并发症方面的优势和特点。
