Wu Zhen, Wang Pengyu, Pan Daodong, Zeng Xiaoqun, Guo Yuxing, Zhao Guangsheng
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.
School of Food Science & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, P. R. China.
J Dairy Sci. 2021 Jan;104(1):78-91. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-19154. Epub 2020 Nov 6.
This study focused on the ability of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) sprout fermented milk, which is rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), to relieve anxiety and mild depression. A high-yield GABA-producing strain, Lactobacillus brevis J1, from a healthy cow was screened, and its physiological and probiotic properties were evaluated. The effect of adzuki bean sprout fermented milk was investigated in vivo in a chronic depression mouse model. The results showed that Lb. brevis J1 had excellent probiotic properties, grew well at low pH and 3% NaCl, and adhered to the surface of HT-29 cells. The GABA-enriched (241.30 ± 1.62 µg/mL) adzuki bean sprout fermented milk prepared with Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lb. brevis J1 can reduce and possibly prevent mild depression-like symptoms in mice (C57/B6) by increasing social interaction and enhancing the pleasure derived from movement. The research revealed that the GABA-cyclic AMP-protein kinase A-cAMP-response element binding protein (GABA-cAMP-PKA-CREB) signaling pathway was related to the depression-like symptoms and that levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the hippocampus of mice increased after treatment with the adzuki bean sprout fermented milk. Our results suggest that GABA-enriched dairy products have the potential to prevent or treat mild depression-like symptoms in mice, which suggests a new approach for a dietary therapy to treat chronic social stress.
本研究聚焦于富含γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的赤小豆芽发酵乳缓解焦虑和轻度抑郁的能力。从健康奶牛中筛选出一株高产GABA的短乳杆菌J1，并对其生理特性和益生菌特性进行了评估。在慢性抑郁小鼠模型中对赤小豆芽发酵乳的效果进行了体内研究。结果表明，短乳杆菌J1具有优异的益生菌特性，在低pH值和3%氯化钠条件下生长良好，并能黏附于HT-29细胞表面。用嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和短乳杆菌J1制备的富含GABA（241.30±1.62μg/mL）的赤小豆芽发酵乳，可通过增加社交互动和增强运动带来的愉悦感来减轻并可能预防小鼠（C57/B6）的轻度抑郁样症状。研究表明，GABA-环磷酸腺苷-蛋白激酶A-环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白（GABA-cAMP-PKA-CREB）信号通路与抑郁样症状有关，用赤小豆芽发酵乳处理后，小鼠海马体中5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的水平升高。我们的结果表明，富含GABA的乳制品有可能预防或治疗小鼠的轻度抑郁样症状，这为治疗慢性社会压力的饮食疗法提供了一种新方法。
