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国际法、新冠疫情与女权主义者对联合国安理会的参与:这段关系的终结?

International Law, COVID-19 and Feminist Engagement with the United Nations Security Council: The End of the Affair?

作者信息

O'Rourke Catherine

机构信息

School of Law, Ulster University, Jordanstown, BT37 0QB UK.

出版信息

Fem Leg Stud. 2020;28(3):321-328. doi: 10.1007/s10691-020-09440-4. Epub 2020 Oct 31.

Abstract

The gendered implications of COVID-19, in particular in terms of gender-based violence and the gendered division of care work, have secured some prominence, and ignited discussion about prospects for a 'feminist recovery'. In international law terms, feminist calls for a response to the pandemic have privileged the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), conditioned-I argue-by two decades of the pursuit of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda through the UNSC. The deficiencies of the UNSC response, as characterised by the Resolution 2532 adopted to address the pandemic, manifest yet again the identified deficiencies of the WPS agenda at the UNSC, namely fragmentation, securitisation, efficacy and legitimacy. What Resolution 2532 does bring, however, is new clarity about the underlying reasons for the repeated and enduring nature of these deficiencies at the UNSC. Specifically, the COVID-19 'crisis' is powerful in exposing the deficiencies of the crisis framework in which the UNSC operates. My reflections draw on insights from Hilary Charlesworth's seminal contribution 'International Law: A Discipline of Crisis' to argue that, instead of conceding the 'crisis' framework to the pandemic by prioritising the UNSC, a 'feminist recovery' must instead follow Charlesworth's exhortation to refocus on an international law of the everyday.

摘要

新冠疫情的性别影响,尤其是在基于性别的暴力和护理工作的性别分工方面,已受到一定关注,并引发了关于 “女权主义复苏” 前景的讨论。从国际法角度来看,女权主义者呼吁应对这一疫情,这使联合国安理会(UNSC)备受关注。我认为,这是由于二十年来通过联合国安理会推行妇女、和平与安全(WPS)议程所导致的。正如为应对疫情而通过的第2532号决议所体现的那样,联合国安理会应对措施的不足再次凸显了妇女、和平与安全议程在联合国安理会存在的问题,即碎片化、安全化、有效性和合法性。然而,第2532号决议确实让人们对联合国安理会这些不足反复出现且持续存在的根本原因有了新的清晰认识。具体而言,新冠疫情 “危机” 有力地揭示了联合国安理会所运作的危机框架的缺陷。我的思考借鉴了希拉里・查尔斯沃思的开创性著作《国际法:一门危机学科》中的见解,认为 “女权主义复苏” 不应通过优先考虑联合国安理会而承认疫情的 “危机” 框架,而应遵循查尔斯沃思的劝诫,重新聚焦于日常国际法。

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