Liu Chao, Chen Hao, Liu Chia-Yi, Lin Rung-Tai, Chiou Wen-Ko
College of Aviation, Hua Qiao University, Xiamen, China.
Graduate Institute of Business and Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Front Psychol. 2020 Oct 9;11:564430. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564430. eCollection 2020.
Mandala drawing was first practiced by Tibetan buddhists and then developed by Carl Gustav Jung, who felt certain that mandala drawing has the function of integrating psychological division, enhancing psychological harmony, and preserving personality integrity. Previous studies on mandala drawing have mainly focused on alleviating people's negative emotions, such as anxiety and depression. Therefore, this study explored the effect and mechanism of mandala drawing on the improvement of subjective well-being (SWB), mindfulness, and spirituality from positive psychology's viewpoint and compared the different effects of cooperative mandala drawing (CMD) and individual mandala drawing (IMD) on mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB. A total of 76 students were recruited from Chang Gung University, and the aforementioned three main variables were measured before and after the coloring experiment. The results indicated that both CMD and IMD significantly enhanced the subjects' spirituality. Compared with IMD, CMD has a more significant improvement and promotion effect on SWB of subjects by affecting PA, while IMD had no significant effect on PA, and the enhancement effect of SWB was weaker than that of CMD. Mindfulness, spirituality, and SWB all positively correlated with each other. This study highlights the mechanism of mandala drawing and the theoretical understanding of the relationship between mindfulness and SWB. Mandala drawing especially CMD has a positive effect on spirituality and SWB, which may provide individuals with a simple and easy method to improve their happiness.
曼陀罗绘画最初由藏传佛教徒所实践，后由卡尔·古斯塔夫·荣格发展。荣格确信曼陀罗绘画具有整合心理分裂、增强心理和谐以及保持人格完整的功能。以往关于曼陀罗绘画的研究主要集中在缓解人们的负面情绪，如焦虑和抑郁。因此，本研究从积极心理学的角度探讨了曼陀罗绘画对提高主观幸福感（SWB）、正念和灵性的影响及机制，并比较了合作曼陀罗绘画（CMD）和个体曼陀罗绘画（IMD）对正念、灵性和SWB的不同影响。从长庚大学招募了76名学生，在填色实验前后测量上述三个主要变量。结果表明，CMD和IMD均显著增强了受试者的灵性。与IMD相比，CMD通过影响积极情绪（PA）对受试者的SWB有更显著的改善和促进作用，而IMD对PA无显著影响，且SWB的增强作用弱于CMD。正念、灵性和SWB之间均呈正相关。本研究突出了曼陀罗绘画的机制以及对正念与SWB之间关系的理论理解。曼陀罗绘画尤其是CMD对灵性和SWB有积极影响，这可能为个人提供一种简单易行的提高幸福感的方法。
