Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd. South District, Taichung 402 Taiwan.
Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd. South District, Taichung 402 Taiwan.
Acta Trop. 2021 Jan;213:105750. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105750. Epub 2020 Nov 7.
The interpopulation variation in life history traits of a species reflects evolutionary adaptation in response to a local environment regime. We examined the life history traits of Aedes aegypti populations from 2 cities in southern Taiwan separated by 50 km. Results revealed a high level of trait differentiation in immature developmental time and survival of Ae. aegypti between the 2 cities. The Kaohsiung populations exhibited total pupation of 40%-60% on day 8; this was significantly lower than that of the Tainan populations and laboratory-reared KHsm mosquitos, which exhibited a pupation rate of 70%-90%. The slow immature development of the Kaohsiung populations was reflected in the low percentage of adult emergence (22%-26%) on day 10. The prolonged immature development did not select larger adults with longer life spans because the Kaohsiung populations had a shorter life span (≈37 d) than that of the Tainan populations (≈42 d). By contrast, immature development and longevity did not differ between populations within each region, indicating weak local differentiation. Three field populations exhibited male-bias sex ratio because of differential mortality of female immatures. The effect of female size on adult life history was nonsignificant. Two reproduction tactics were detected, representing the balanced-mortality hypothesis and the bet-hedging hypothesis. Despite their differential life history strategies and reproductive tactics, these mosquito populations apparently counterbalanced any shortcomings in traits to produce similar population growth. Maintaining optimal population density is essential for Aedes mosquitos to increase the probability of encountering mates and reduce the Allee effect.
物种的生活史特征在种群间的变化反映了对局部环境条件的进化适应。我们研究了来自台湾南部两个城市的埃及伊蚊种群的生活史特征，这两个城市相距 50 公里。结果表明，这两个城市的埃及伊蚊在幼体发育时间和存活率方面存在高度的特征分化。高雄种群在第 8 天的总蛹化率为 40%-60%；这明显低于台南种群和实验室饲养的 KHsm 蚊子的蛹化率 70%-90%。高雄种群的幼体发育缓慢反映在第 10 天成虫出现率（22%-26%）较低。这种不成熟的发育延长并没有选择出更大的、寿命更长的成虫，因为高雄种群的寿命（≈37 天）比台南种群的寿命（≈42 天）短。相比之下，每个地区的种群之间的幼体发育和寿命没有差异，表明局部分化较弱。三个野外种群由于雌性幼体的死亡率不同而表现出雄性偏性性别比。雌虫大小对成虫生活史的影响不显著。两种繁殖策略被检测到，代表平衡死亡率假说和风险分摊假说。尽管这些蚊子种群表现出不同的生活史策略和繁殖策略，但它们显然平衡了特征上的任何不足，以产生相似的种群增长。维持最佳的种群密度对于埃及伊蚊来说至关重要，这可以增加它们遇到配偶的概率，并减少阿利效应。
