Lin Jiahui, Sadoughi Babak
Sean Parker Institute for the Voice, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Sean Parker Institute for the Voice, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA,
Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;85:133-143. doi: 10.1159/000456693. Epub 2020 Nov 9.
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a rare focal laryngeal dystonia. It is characterized by task-specific voice dysfluency resulting from selective intrinsic laryngeal musculature hyperfunction. Symptoms may be attenuated by a sensory trick. Although SD can be seen at times in generalized dystonia syndromes, it is typically a sporadic phenomenon. Involvement of the laryngeal adductor muscles is more common than abductor muscles. The standard treatment of this disorder is with botulinum toxin injection, usually electromyography-guided, which must be repeated periodically as the toxin wears off. A number of non-reversible surgical procedures have also been described to mitigate the symptoms. Other treatment modalities are under investigation, including implantable electrical stimulation devices and deep brain stimulation.
痉挛性发音障碍（SD）是一种罕见的局限性喉肌张力障碍。其特征是由选择性喉内肌功能亢进导致的特定任务性语音不流畅。症状可能通过感觉技巧减轻。虽然SD有时可见于全身性肌张力障碍综合征，但通常是一种散发性现象。喉内收肌受累比外展肌更常见。这种疾病的标准治疗方法是肉毒杆菌毒素注射，通常在肌电图引导下进行，随着毒素作用消退，必须定期重复注射。也有一些不可逆的外科手术被描述用于减轻症状。其他治疗方式正在研究中，包括植入式电刺激装置和深部脑刺激。
