埃塞俄比亚北部炭疽病的知识、态度和实践：混合方法研究。
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards anthrax in northern Ethiopia: a mixed approach study.
机构信息
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 10;20(1):814. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05544-z.
BACKGROUND
Anthrax is the second most highly prioritized zoonotic disease in Ethiopia due to its negative impact at the household level, causing disease and production losses in livestock and severe disease in humans. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of, attitudes towards, and practices addressing (KAPs) anthrax in the communities of Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted concurrently with focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) between May 2019 and April 2020. A total of 862 respondents participated in the questionnaire survey. Of these, 800 were local community members while 62 were professionals working at health service institutions. In addition, qualitative data were collected using six FGDs and 11 KIIs.
RESULTS
Sixty-two percent (496/800) of the community respondents said that they were aware of anthrax while 38% (304/800) of them did not. Only 9.3% (74/800) of the respondents reported that the causative agent of anthrax is germs/microbial. About 56.5% (35/62) of professional respondents said that it is bacterial. More than 60% (64.1%, 513/800) of the respondents did not know that whether the disease was zoonotic or not. Regarding clinical signs, 26.3 (210/800) and 36.8% (294/800) of the respondents could identify at least one in animals and humans, respectively, while 21.3 (170/800) and 20.1% (161/800) knew one or more transmission routes in animals and humans, respectively. Moreover, 43.4% (347/800) and 45.6% (365/800) of the respondents mentioned one or more control/prevention method(s) in animals and humans, respectively. Regarding qualitative results, some of the participants knew the disease (in animals) by their local names: Lalish and Tafia (splenomegaly), and Gulbus (abdominal cramps and shivering). Some reported that anthrax was exclusively a human disease while others recognized its zoonotic potential after the clinical signs in both animals and humans were listed.
CONCLUSION
The KAP of the participants regarding anthrax was low. There was no consistent understanding of the disease among the participants. The study also revealed that the participants did not receive consistent, adequate, and continuous education regarding the disease.
背景
炭疽在埃塞俄比亚被列为第二高优先级的人畜共患病，因为它对家庭层面有负面影响，导致牲畜患病和减产，以及人类罹患重病。本研究旨在评估在埃塞俄比亚提格雷东部社区中，人们对炭疽的知识、态度和实践（KAP）。
方法
本研究采用横断面调查，于 2019 年 5 月至 2020 年 4 月期间进行，并结合焦点小组讨论（FGD）和关键知情人访谈（KII）。共有 862 名受访者参与了问卷调查。其中，800 名是当地社区成员，62 名是在卫生服务机构工作的专业人员。此外，还使用六个 FGD 和十一个 KII 收集了定性数据。
结果
62%（496/800）的社区受访者表示他们知道炭疽，而 38%（304/800）的受访者不知道。只有 9.3%（74/800）的受访者报告炭疽的病原体是细菌/微生物。大约 56.5%（35/62）的专业受访者表示它是细菌性的。超过 60%（64.1%，513/800）的受访者不知道该病是否为动物源性。关于临床症状，分别有 26.3%（210/800）和 36.8%（294/800）的受访者能够识别出动物和人类中至少一种，而分别有 21.3%（170/800）和 20.1%（161/800）的受访者能够识别出动物和人类中至少一种传播途径。此外，分别有 43.4%（347/800）和 45.6%（365/800）的受访者在动物和人类中提到了一种或多种控制/预防方法。关于定性结果，一些参与者用当地名称知道该病（在动物中）：Lalish 和 Tafia（脾肿大）和 Gulbus（腹痛和寒战）。一些人报告说炭疽是一种人类疾病，而另一些人在列出动物和人类的临床症状后，才认识到它的人畜共患潜力。
结论
参与者对炭疽的 KAP 水平较低。参与者之间对该疾病没有一致的认识。研究还表明，参与者没有得到关于该疾病的一致、充分和持续的教育。
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