Pieracci Emily G, Hall Aron J, Gharpure Radhika, Haile Abraham, Walelign Elias, Deressa Asefa, Bahiru Getahun, Kibebe Meron, Walke Henry, Belay Ermias
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
One Health. 2016 Dec;2:131-135. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.09.001.
Ethiopia has the second largest human population in Africa and the largest livestock population on the continent. About 80% of Ethiopians are dependent on agriculture and have direct contact with livestock or other domestic animals. As a result, the country is vulnerable to the spread of zoonotic diseases. As the first step of the country's engagement in the Global Health Security Agenda, a zoonotic disease prioritization workshop was held to identify significant zoonotic diseases of mutual concern for animal and human health agencies.
A semi-quantitative tool developed by the US CDC was used for prioritization of zoonotic diseases. Workshop participants representing human, animal, and environmental health ministries were selected as core decision-making participants. Over 300 articles describing the zoonotic diseases considered at the workshop were reviewed for disease specific information on prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and DALYs for Ethiopia or the East Africa region. Committee members individually ranked the importance of each criterion to generate a final group weight for each criterion.
Forty-three zoonotic diseases were evaluated. Criteria selected in order of importance were: 1)severity of disease in humans, 2)proportion of human disease attributed to animal exposure, 3)burden of animal disease, 4)availability of interventions, and 5)existing inter-sectoral collaboration. Based on the results from the decision tree analysis and subsequent discussion, participants identified the following five priority zoonotic diseases: rabies, anthrax, brucellosis, leptospirosis, and echinococcosis.
Multi-sectoral collaborations strengthen disease surveillance system development in humans and animals, enhance laboratory capacity, and support implementation of prevention and control strategies. To facilitate this, the creation of a One Health-focused Zoonotic Disease Unit is recommended. Enhancement of public health and veterinary laboratories, joint outbreak and surveillance activities, and intersectoral linkages created to tackle the prioritized zoonotic diseases will undoubtedly prepare the country to effectively address newly emerging zoonotic diseases.
埃塞俄比亚是非洲人口第二多的国家，也是非洲大陆牲畜数量最多的国家。约80%的埃塞俄比亚人依赖农业，并与牲畜或其他家畜有直接接触。因此，该国易受人畜共患病传播的影响。作为该国参与全球卫生安全议程的第一步，举办了一次人畜共患病优先级研讨会，以确定动物和人类卫生机构共同关注的重大人畜共患病。
使用美国疾病控制与预防中心开发的半定量工具对人畜共患病进行优先级排序。代表人类、动物和环境卫生部的研讨会参与者被选为核心决策参与者。对300多篇描述研讨会上审议的人畜共患病的文章进行了审查，以获取有关埃塞俄比亚或东非地区发病率、发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年的疾病特定信息。委员会成员分别对每个标准的重要性进行排名，以生成每个标准的最终组权重。
评估了43种人畜共患病。按重要性顺序选择的标准为：1）人类疾病的严重程度，2）归因于动物接触的人类疾病比例，3）动物疾病负担，4）干预措施的可用性，5）现有的部门间合作。根据决策树分析结果和随后的讨论，参与者确定了以下五种优先人畜共患病：狂犬病、炭疽、布鲁氏菌病、钩端螺旋体病和棘球蚴病。
多部门合作加强了人类和动物疾病监测系统的发展，提高了实验室能力，并支持预防和控制战略的实施。为促进这一点，建议设立一个以“同一健康”为重点的人畜共患病单位。加强公共卫生和兽医实验室、联合疫情和监测活动以及为应对优先人畜共患病而建立的部门间联系，无疑将使该国做好有效应对新出现的人畜共患病的准备。
