Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.
Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.
ACS Infect Dis. 2020 Dec 11;6(12):3131-3140. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00666. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
species are common causes of human infection. These Gram-positive, encapsulated bacterial pathogens infect diverse anatomic spaces, leading to infections including skin and soft tissue infection, endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, otitis media, chorioamnionitis, sepsis, and even death. Risk for streptococcal infection is highest in low- and middle-income countries where micronutrient deficiency is common. Epidemiological data reveal that vitamin D deficiency is associated with enhanced risk of streptococcal infection and cognate disease outcomes. Additionally, vitamin D improves antibacterial defenses by stimulating innate immune processes such as phagocytosis and enhancing production of reactive oxygen species (oxidative burst) and antimicrobial peptides (including cathelicidin and lactoferrin), which are important for efficient killing of bacteria. This review presents the most recent published work that studies interactions between the micronutrient vitamin D, the host immune system, and pathogenic streptococci as well as comparisons with other relevant infection models.
这些革兰氏阳性、有囊膜的细菌病原体感染多种解剖部位，导致感染包括皮肤和软组织感染、心内膜炎、肺炎、脑膜炎、鼻窦炎、中耳炎、绒毛膜羊膜炎、败血症，甚至死亡。在中低收入国家，微营养素缺乏很常见，链球菌感染的风险最高。流行病学数据显示，维生素 D 缺乏与链球菌感染和相关疾病结局的风险增加有关。此外，维生素 D 通过刺激吞噬作用等先天免疫过程，以及增强活性氧（氧化爆发）和抗菌肽（包括抗菌肽和乳铁蛋白）的产生，来改善抗菌防御，这对于有效杀死细菌很重要。本文综述了最近发表的关于微量元素维生素 D、宿主免疫系统和致病性链球菌之间相互作用的研究，并与其他相关感染模型进行了比较。
