Valverde Irene, Espín Silvia, Gómez-Ramírez Pilar, Navas Isabel, Sánchez-Virosta Pablo, Torres-Chaparro María Y, Jiménez Pedro, María-Mojica Pedro, García-Fernández Antonio J
Service of Toxicology and Forensic Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Santa-Faz Wildlife Recovery Center, Consellería de Agricultura, Desarrollo Rural, Emergencia Climática y Transición Ecológica, Alicante, 03559 Generalitat Valenciana, Spain.
Toxics. 2020 Nov 7;8(4):98. doi: 10.3390/toxics8040098.
Bromadiolone is a second generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) used to control pest rodents worldwide. SGARs are frequently involved in secondary poisoning in rodent predators due to their persistence and toxicity. This study aims to evaluate the persistence of bromadiolone in liver at different stages of carcass decomposition in experimentally-dosed common kestrels () to understand the possibility of detecting bromadiolone in cases of wildlife poisoning and the potential risk of tertiary poisoning. Twelve individuals were divided into the bromadiolone-dose group (dosed with 55 mg/kg b.w) and the control group. Hepatic bromadiolone concentrations found in each stage of decomposition were: 3000, 2891, 4804, 4245, 8848, and 756 ng/g dry weight at 1-2 h (fresh carcass), 24 h (moderate decomposition), 72 h, 96 h (advanced decomposition), seven days (very advanced decomposition), and 15 days (initial skeletal reduction) after death, respectively. Liver bromadiolone concentrations in carcasses remained relatively stable over the first four days and raised on day 7 of decomposition under the specific conditions of this experiment, presenting a risk of causing tertiary poisoning. However, at the initial skeletal reduction stage, liver bromadiolone concentration declined, which should be considered to interpret toxicological analyses and for proper diagnosis. This experimental study provides for the first time some light to better understand the degradation of SGARs in carcasses in the wild.
溴敌隆是一种第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂（SGAR），用于控制全球范围内的有害啮齿动物。由于其持久性和毒性，SGARs经常导致啮齿动物捕食者发生二次中毒。本研究旨在评估在实验给药的普通红隼（）尸体分解不同阶段肝脏中溴敌隆的持久性，以了解在野生动物中毒案例中检测溴敌隆的可能性以及三次中毒的潜在风险。将12只个体分为溴敌隆给药组（按55mg/kg体重给药）和对照组。在分解的每个阶段发现的肝脏溴敌隆浓度分别为：死亡后1-2小时（新鲜尸体）、24小时（中度分解）、72小时、96小时（高度分解）、7天（非常高度分解）和15天（骨骼初步分解）时，干重分别为3000、2891、4804、4245、8848和756ng/g。在本实验的特定条件下，尸体肝脏中的溴敌隆浓度在前四天相对稳定，并在分解第7天升高，存在导致三次中毒的风险。然而，在骨骼初步分解阶段，肝脏溴敌隆浓度下降，在解释毒理学分析和进行正确诊断时应予以考虑。这项实验研究首次为更好地理解野生环境中SGARs在尸体中的降解情况提供了一些线索。
