Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile.
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Nov 6;12(11):702. doi: 10.3390/toxins12110702.
Envenomation by spiders ( family) has been thoroughly documented. However, little is known about the potential toxicity of members from the genus. Only the venom of the Brazilian spider has been toxicologically characterized. In Chile, the species is widely distributed in desert and semidesert environments, and it is not considered a dangerous spider for humans. This study aimed to characterize the potential toxicity of the Chilean spider. To do so, specimens of were captured in the Atacama Desert, the venom was extracted, and the protein concentration was determined. Additionally, the venoms were analyzed by electrophoresis and Western blotting using anti-recombinant PLD1 serum. Phospholipase D enzymatic activity was assessed, and the hemolytic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated and compared with those of the venom. The venom was able to hydrolyze sphingomyelin as well as induce complement-dependent hemolysis and the loss of viability of skin fibroblasts with a dermonecrotic effect of the venom in rabbits. The venom of showed intraspecific variations, with a similar protein pattern as that of venom at 32-35 kDa, recognized by serum anti-LlPLD1. In this context, we can conclude that the venom of is similar to in many aspects, and the dermonecrotic toxin present in their venom could cause severe harm to humans; thus, precautions are necessary to avoid exposure to their bite.
蜘蛛（科）的毒液已被充分研究。然而，对于属成员的潜在毒性知之甚少。只有巴西蜘蛛的毒液具有毒理学特征。在智利，这种物种广泛分布于沙漠和半沙漠环境中，它并不被认为对人类有危险。本研究旨在表征智利蜘蛛的潜在毒性。为此，在阿塔卡马沙漠中捕获了 标本，提取毒液并确定其蛋白浓度。此外，使用抗重组 PLD1 血清通过电泳和 Western blot 分析毒液。评估了磷脂酶 D 酶活性，并评估和比较了溶血和细胞毒性作用与 的毒液。该 毒液能够水解神经鞘磷脂，并诱导补体依赖性溶血以及皮肤成纤维细胞活力丧失，对兔子具有皮肤坏死作用。 的毒液表现出种内变异，与 毒液的 32-35 kDa 处的蛋白图谱相似，被血清抗 LlPLD1 识别。在这种情况下，我们可以得出结论， 的毒液在许多方面与 的毒液相似，并且其毒液中存在的皮肤坏死毒素可能对人类造成严重伤害；因此，有必要采取预防措施以避免接触其咬伤。
