Toxicological Characterization and Phospholipase D Activity of the Venom of the Spider .

Envenomation by spiders ( family) has been thoroughly documented. However, little is known about the potential toxicity of members from the genus. Only the venom of the Brazilian spider has been toxicologically characterized. In Chile, the species is widely distributed in desert and semidesert environments, and it is not considered a dangerous spider for humans. This study aimed to characterize the potential toxicity of the Chilean spider. To do so, specimens of were captured in the Atacama Desert, the venom was extracted, and the protein concentration was determined. Additionally, the venoms were analyzed by electrophoresis and Western blotting using anti-recombinant PLD1 serum. Phospholipase D enzymatic activity was assessed, and the hemolytic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated and compared with those of the venom. The venom was able to hydrolyze sphingomyelin as well as induce complement-dependent hemolysis and the loss of viability of skin fibroblasts with a dermonecrotic effect of the venom in rabbits. The venom of showed intraspecific variations, with a similar protein pattern as that of venom at 32-35 kDa, recognized by serum anti-LlPLD1. In this context, we can conclude that the venom of is similar to in many aspects, and the dermonecrotic toxin present in their venom could cause severe harm to humans; thus, precautions are necessary to avoid exposure to their bite.