埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴城市固体废弃物收集者的职业健康状况及相关因素
Occupational Health Conditions and Associated Factors Among Municipal Solid Waste Collectors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
作者信息
Melaku Henok Sileshi, Tiruneh Mesafint Abeje
机构信息
Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Bethzatha General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020 Nov 3;13:2415-2423. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S276790. eCollection 2020.
BACKGROUND
Municipal solid waste collection is one of the most dangerous jobs in the world. It exposes the workers to physical, biological, and chemical hazards, and occupation-related morbidities. In developing countries, municipal solid waste management-related occupational morbidities are not properly addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate occupational health conditions and associated factors among municipal solid waste collectors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 576 municipal solid waste collectors in Addis Ababa from August 2019 to September 2019. To select the study participants, a multistage sampling technique was used. The data were collected by using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The association between the dependent and independent variables was analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis at 95% confidence interval and variables with -value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant to the dependent variable.
RESULTS
A total of 576 municipal solid waste collectors participated in the study, which makes the response rate 96.9%. Among the total municipal solid waste collectors, 295 (51.2%) of them had occupational health symptoms. Work experience (AOR=1.86, 95% CI=1.01-2.18), family size (AOR=1.76, 95% CI=1.15-2.71), personal protective equipment (AOR=2.31, 95% CI=1.32-4.04), and working hours per day (AOR=1.76, 95% CI=1.22-2.68) were significantly associated with occupational health conditions.
CONCLUSION
The magnitude of occupational health symptoms among municipal solid waste collectors in Addis Ababa was high. Work experience, working hours per day, type of PPE, and family size were significantly associated with occupational health conditions. Therefore, providing appropriate and full body cover personal protective equipment, giving training, monitoring working hours, and conducting studies including medical evaluation is crucial.
背景
城市固体废弃物收集是世界上最危险的工作之一。它使工人面临物理、生物和化学危害以及与职业相关的疾病。在发展中国家，与城市固体废弃物管理相关的职业疾病未得到妥善解决。因此，本研究的目的是调查埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴城市固体废弃物收集者的职业健康状况及相关因素。
材料与方法
2019年8月至2019年9月，在亚的斯亚贝巴对576名城市固体废弃物收集者进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。为了选择研究参与者，采用了多阶段抽样技术。数据通过使用结构化访谈问卷进行收集。使用二元逻辑回归分析在95%置信区间分析因变量和自变量之间的关联，P值<0.05的变量被认为对因变量具有统计学意义。
结果
共有576名城市固体废弃物收集者参与了研究，回复率为96.9%。在所有城市固体废弃物收集者中，295人（51.2%）有职业健康症状。工作经验（调整后比值比[AOR]=1.86，95%置信区间[CI]=1.01 - 2.18）、家庭规模（AOR=1.76，95% CI=1.15 - 2.71）、个人防护装备（AOR=2.31，95% CI=1.32 - 4.04）和每日工作时长（AOR=1.76，95% CI=1.22 - 2.68）与职业健康状况显著相关。
结论
亚的斯亚贝巴城市固体废弃物收集者的职业健康症状发生率较高。工作经验、每日工作时长、个人防护装备类型和家庭规模与职业健康状况显著相关。因此，提供合适的全身覆盖式个人防护装备、进行培训、监测工作时长以及开展包括医学评估在内的研究至关重要。
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